Debian

Debian is a free operating system (OS) for your computer. An operating system is the set of basic programs and utilities that make your computer run.

All packages list

http://packages.debian.org/stable/allpackages

Sample service blah

File in /etc/init.d/blah with chmod 755:

   1 #! /bin/sh
   2 # /etc/init.d/blah
   3 #
   4 
   5 # Some things that run always
   6 touch /var/lock/blah
   7 
   8 # Carry out specific functions when asked to by the system
   9 case "$1" in
  10   start)
  11     echo "Starting script blah "
  12     echo "Could do more here"
  13     ;;
  14   stop)
  15     echo "Stopping script blah"
  16     echo "Could do more here"
  17     ;;
  18   *)
  19     echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/blah {start|stop}"
  20     exit 1
  21     ;;
  22 esac
  23 
  24 exit 0

Add service

• update-rc.d blah defaults
• update-rc.d blah defaults 20 80
• update-rc.d blah start 20 2 3 4 . start 30 5 . stop 80 0 1 6 .

Remove service

• update-rc.d -f blah remove

Check services status

• service --status-all
• service blah status

Install Debian Wheezy 32 bit

Base Install DW (Debian Wheezy)

In Virtualbox

• new,
• type linux
• version debian
• name DW
• memory size 512 MB,
• create virtual hard drive
• vdi type
• dynamically allocated
• 8 GB
• power on
• choose debian-7.3.0-i386-DVD-1.iso
• install
• language english
• country, other, europe, portugal
• locale united states
• keyboard portuguese
• hostname dw
• domain name example.org
• root password ********
• Real name Vitor
• username for account vitor
• password for vitor ********
• timezone Lisbon
• Partitioning method, guided, use entire disk and setup LVM
• use SCSI3 sda
• Separate /home /usr /var and tmp partitions
• Write the changes to disk and configure LVM yes
• Finish partitioning and write changes to disk
• write the changes to disk? yes
• scan another dvd or cd? no
• use a network mirror? no
• participate in the package usage survey? no
• software to install: SSH server, standard system utilities, continue
• install grub bootloader to the master boot record? yes
• installation complete, continue
• reboot
• login with root user
• ifconfig
• ping www.sapo.pt
• apt-get update
• python -V # version 2.7.3

• dpkg -l > /tmp/initialPackages.txt

Installation Debian 7.5.0 amd64

Fetch and burn the ISO

• wget http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/7.5.0/amd64/iso-dvd/debian-7.5.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso

• modprobe sg # fpr cdrecord
• cdrecord -scanbus #identify the device
• cdrecord -dev=1,0,0 -pad -data debian-7.5.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso
• # eject the DVD after burning
• cd /
• mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom #check DVD
• cd /mnt/cdrom
• ls
• cd /
• umount /mnt/cdrom

Install

• Boot the machine
• Insert DVD
• select install
• language: english
• country, other, Europe, Portugal
• default locale, United States
• keymap: portuguese
• load missing firmware from removable media? no
• hostname for system: debianWheezy
• domain name: bitarus.allowed.org
• root pass: ........
• full name new user: vitor
• username: vitor
• pass: ........
• location: Lisbon
• Partition disks, use entire disk and use LVM
• SCSI1
• separate /home, /usr , /var, /tmp
• write changes to disk and configure LVM: yes
• Finish partitioning and write changes to disk
• Write changes to disk? yes
• install base system
• kernel: linux-image-amd64
• Drivers to include in initrd: generic
• scan another CD/DVD? no
• use network mirror: yes
• Debian archive mirror country: Portugal
• ftp.pt.debian.org

• HTTP proxy: <blank>

• Participate in the package usage survey: No
• select standard utilities
• install GRUB to the MBR? yes
• reboot

Install extra packages

• #login as root
• df -h # check disk usage
• ifconfig # check network devices
• ping www.sapo.pt
• vi /etc/apt/sources.list # comment the line with deb cdrom
• apt-get install lynx
• apt-get install links
• apt-get install xorg
• apt-get install wmaker
• startx #starts X if all goes well
• xterm #open a console
• apt-get install iceweasel

• iceweasel & #run firefox with branding

• apt-get install kdm
• vi /etc/inittab
• #change default runlevel to 5
• #id:5:initdefault
• #add line to runlevel 5
• #x:5:respawn:/usr/bin/X
• reboot # after the reboot should appear the KDM login window
• #login
• xterm
• apt-get install vim
• apt-get install icedove
• apt-get install wmclockmon

• On WindowMaker Clip click with right mouse button and select Attract Icons

• On each attracted icon select Keep Icon
• apt-get install pidgin
• apt-get install emacs
• apt-get install netbeans
• apt-get install mongodb
• apt-get install monodevelop
• apt-get install mono-complete
• apt-get install samba
• apt-get install cifs-utils

Eclipse

• apt-get install eclipse #eclipse 3.8

• eclipse &

• create workspace in ~/workspace

Two monitors with digital output

• xrandr #show the current outputs and definitions for X
• vi /etc/kde4/kdm/Xsetup
• xrandr --output DP-2 --right-of DP-1 # two monitors
• setxkbmap pt # portuguese keyboard

Enable multiarch and install Skype

• dpkg --add-architecture i386
• apt-get update

• wget -O skype-install.deb http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux.deb

• dpkg -i skype-install.deb
• apt-get -f install
• dkpg -i skype-install.deb

Resize /home folder

• df -h #check sizes
• umount /home
• e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/debianWheezy-home
• resizefs /dev/mapper/debianWheezy-home 200G
• lvreduce -L 200G /dev/mapper/debianWheezy-home
• mount /dev/mapper/debianWheezy-home
• vgdisplay

Debian 8.6.0

• wget http://gemmei.acc.umu.se/debian-cd/8.6.0/amd64/iso-dvd/debian-8.6.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso

VMDebian
Linux
Debian 64 bit
4096MB
VDI type
dynamic allocation
16 GB
create
debian-8.6.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso
install
english
location other europe Portugal
default local en_us.UTF8
keyboard portuguese
hostname debian
domain name <empty>
root pass 
new user vitor
clock Lisbon
Partition, guided user entire disk LVM
scsi(0,0,0) sda
all in one partition
write
change yes
Finish partitioning
scan other cd dvd no
use net mirrors yes portugal ftp.pt.debian.org
package survey no
software to install desktop kde lxde ssh web server print server standard utils displaymanager kdm 
install grub in MBR yes /dev/sda
Finish installation continue

VBoxManage setextradata "VMDebian" "CustomVideoMode1" "1366x768x32"
Use 2 cpu cores in the VM
run guest additions 

/etc/apt/sources.list
# sid 
deb http://ftp.pt.debian.org/debian/ sid  main contrib
deb-src http://ftp.pt.debian.org/debian/ sid main contrib
apt-get update

Install debian 10 - buster on external HDD with USB adapter

• dd if=debian-live-10.1.0-amd64-standard.iso of=/dev/sda bs=512k # write ISO file to USB pen drive (8GB)
• boot the pen with UEFI support (Esc and F9 to access Boot menu on HP)
• after boot change the layout to pt in the file /etc/default/keyboard and then run setupcon
• Boot the pen again and choose Debian installer (console)
• Select portuguese language and configure the locale accordingly
• Use guided partinioning, whole disk, scsi5 , sdc with 500 GB
• 3 partitions were created, ESP, root / with ext4 and a swap partition
• Don't use network mirrors
• Define root password and add a user
• Go through all the steps and reboot
• Use the pen again to configure extra EFI definitions inside the ESP partition
• Mount the ESP partition and inside the EFI folder create the BOOT folder
• copy all files inside the debian folder to the BOOT folder
• Go to the BOOT folder and copy the shimx64.efi to BOOTx64.efi
• Boot using the HDD disk
• If an error appears saying "/dev/sdX doesn't exist" with means grub didn't write the right HDD device name. It's required to acces grub options before boot and change the device name
• After a proper boot is made into the HDD we need to run the command update-grub to update the grub with the right device name
• To use WiFI we need the firmware-iwlwifi_20190114-2_all.deb to be installed, download it
• Install using dpkg -i firmware-iwlwifi_20190114-2_all.deb
• The WiFI device detected is wlp2s0
• ip a; iwconfig; ip link set wlp2s0 up; iwlist scan
• An conf file in /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf is required

ap_scan=1
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
network={
  ssid="?????????"
  scan_ssid=1
  proto=RSN WPA
  key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
  group=CCMP TKIP
  pairwise=CCMP TKIP
  psk="???????"
}

• Run command wpa_supplicant -B -c/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf -i wlp2s0
• Update the file /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://raspbian.raspberrypi.org/debian/ buster main contrib non-free