kubernetes
- minikube version # check version 1.2.0
- minikube start
1 $ minikube version
2 minikube version: v1.2.0
3 $ minikube start
4 * minikube v1.2.0 on linux (amd64)
5 * Creating none VM (CPUs=2, Memory=2048MB, Disk=20000MB) ...
6 * Configuring environment for Kubernetes v1.15.0 on Docker 18.09.5
7 - kubelet.resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf
8 * Pulling images ...
9 * Launching Kubernetes ...
10
11 * Configuring local host environment ...
12 * Verifying: apiserver proxy etcd scheduler controller dns
13 * Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube"
cluster details and health status
get cluster nodes
deploy containers
1 # deploy container
2 $ kubectl create deployment first-deployment --image=katacoda/docker-http-server
3 deployment.apps/first-deployment created
4 $ # deploy container in cluster
5 # check pods
6 $ kubectl get pods
7 NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
8 first-deployment-8cbf74484-s2fkl 1/1 Running 0 25s
9 # expose deployment
10 $ kubectl expose deployment first-deployment --port=80 --type=NodePort
11 service/first-deployment exposed
12
13 $ kubectl get svc first-deployment
14 NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
15 first-deployment NodePort 10.98.246.87 <none> 80:31219/TCP 105s
16 # do request to port 80 in cluster ip
17 $ curl 10.98.246.87:80
18 <h1>This request was processed by host: first-deployment-8cbf74484-s2fkl</h1>
19
20 $curl host01:31219
21 <h1>This request was processed by host: first-deployment-8cbf74484-s2fkl</h1>
dashboard
1 $ minikube addons enable dashboard
2 #The Kubernetes dashboard allows you to view your applications
3 in a UI.
4 * dashboard was successfully enabled
5 $ kubectl apply -f /opt/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
6 # only in katacoda
7 service/kubernetes-dashboard-katacoda created
8
9 # check progress
10 $ kubectl get pods -n kube-system -w #check progress
11 NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
12 coredns-5c98db65d4-b2kxm 1/1 Running 0 17m
13 coredns-5c98db65d4-mm567 1/1 Running 1 17m
14 etcd-minikube 1/1 Running 0 16m
15 kube-addon-manager-minikube 1/1 Running 0 16m
16 kube-apiserver-minikube 1/1 Running 0 16m
17 kube-controller-manager-minikube 1/1 Running 0 16m
18 kube-proxy-pngm9 1/1 Running 0 17m
19 kube-scheduler-minikube 1/1 Running 0 16m
20 kubernetes-dashboard-7b8ddcb5d6-xt5nt 1/1 Running 0 76s
21 storage-provisioner 1/1 Running 0 17m
22
23 ^C$
24 # dashboard url https://2886795294-30000-kitek05.environments.katacoda.com/
25 # how to launch a Single Node Kubernetes cluster.
26
Init master
1 master $ kubeadm init --kubernetes-version $(kubeadm version -o short)
2 [init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.14.0
3 [preflight] Running pre-flight checks
4 [preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
5 [preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
6 [preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
7 [kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
8 [kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
9 [kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service
10 [certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
11 [certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
12 [certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
13 [certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [master kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 172.17.0.69]
14 [certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
15 [certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
16 [certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
17 [certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
18 [certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
19 [certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
20 [certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
21 [certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [master localhost] and IPs [172.17.0.69 127.0.0.1 ::1]
22 [certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
23 [certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [master localhost] and IPs [172.17.0.69 127.0.0.1 ::1]
24 [certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
25 [kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
26 [kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
27 [kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
28 [kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
29 [kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
30 [control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
31 [control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
32 [control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
33 [control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
34 [etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
35 [wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
36 [apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 16.503433 seconds
37 [upload-config] storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system"Namespace
38 [kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.14" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
39 [upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --experimental-upload-certs
40 [mark-control-plane] Marking the node master as control-plane by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''"
41 [mark-control-plane] Marking the node master as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
42 [bootstrap-token] Using token: xfvno5.q2xfb2m3nw7grdjm
43 [bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
44 [bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
45 [bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approveCSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
46 [bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
47 [bootstrap-token] creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
48 [addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
49 [addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
50
51 Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
52
53 To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
54
55 mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
56 sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
57 sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
58
59 You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
60 Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
61 https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
62
63 Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
64
65 kubeadm join 172.17.0.69:6443 --token xfvno5.q2xfb2m3nw7grdjm \
66 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:26d11c038d236967630d401747f210af9e3679fb1638e8b599a2da4cb98ab159
deploy cni weaveworks - deploy a pod network to the cluster
Container Network Interface (CNI) defines how the different nodes and their workloads should communicate. Weave Net provides a network to connect all pods together, implementing the Kubernetes model. Kubernetes uses the Container Network Interface (CNI) to join pods onto Weave Net.
1 master $ kubectl apply -f /opt/weave-kube
2 serviceaccount/weave-net created
3 clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/weave-net created
4 clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/weave-net created
5 role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/weave-net created
6 rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/weave-net created
7 daemonset.extensions/weave-net created
8
9 master $ kubectl get pod -n kube-system
10 NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
11 coredns-fb8b8dccf-b9rd7 1/1 Running 0 11m
12 coredns-fb8b8dccf-sfgbn 1/1 Running 0 11m
13 etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 10m
14 kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 10m
15 kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 0 10m
16 kube-proxy-l42wp 1/1 Running 0 11m
17 kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 1 10m
18 weave-net-mcxml 2/2 Running 0 84s
join cluster
1 # in node01
2 # join cluster
3 kubeadm join --discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification --token=xfvno5.q2xfb2m3nw7grdjm 172.17.0.69:6443
4 [preflight] Running pre-flight checks
5 [preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
6 [preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml'
7 [kubelet-start] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.14" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
8 [kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
9 [kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
10 [kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service
11 [kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...
12
13 This node has joined the cluster:
14 * Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
15 * The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
16
17 Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.
18 # The --discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification tag is used to bypass the Discovery Token verification.
19
20 # in master
21 master $ kubectl get nodes
22 NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
23 master Ready master 17m v1.14.0
24 node01 Ready <none> 107s v1.14.0 bootstrap token generated b
25 master $
26
27 # in node01
28 node01 $ kubectl get nodesThe connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port
29 ?
30 node01 $
deploy container in cluster
1 master $ kubectl create deployment http --image=katacoda/docker-http-server:latest
2 deployment.apps/http created
3 master $ kubectl get pods
4 NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
5 http-7f8cbdf584-74pd9 1/1 Running 0 11s
6
7 master $ docker ps | grep http-server
8 master $
9
10 node01 $ docker ps | grep http-serveradb3cde7f861 katacoda/docker-http-server "/app" About a minute ago
11 Up About a minute k8s_docker-http-server_http-7f8cbdf584-74pd9_default_04a
12 17065-b08d-11e9-bff1-0242ac110045_0
13
14 # expose deployment
15 master $ kubectl get pods
16 NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
17 http-7f8cbdf584-74pd9 1/1 Running 0 17m bootstrap token generated b
18 master $ kubectl expose deployment http --port=80 --type=NodePort
19 service/http exposed
20
21 master $ kubectl get service http
22 NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
23 http NodePort 10.101.65.149 <none> 80:30982/TCP 49s
24
25 master $ curl 10.101.65.149:80
26 <h1>This request was processed by host: http-7f8cbdf584-74pd9</h1>
27
28 master $ curl http://10.101.65.149
29 <h1>This request was processed by host: http-7f8cbdf584-74pd9</h1>
apply dashboard in cluster
- Dashboard General-purpose web UI for Kubernetes clusters Dashboard Version: v1.10.0
master $ kubectl apply -f dashboard.yaml secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard-minimal created rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard-minimal created deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created service/kubernetes-dashboard created master $ kubectl get pods -n kube-system NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGEcoredns-fb8b8dccf-b9rd7 1/1 Running 0 42mcoredns-fb8b8dccf-sfgbn 1/1 Running 0 42m etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 41m kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 40m kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 0 40m kube-proxy-gwrps 1/1 Running 0 26m kube-proxy-l42wp 1/1 Running 0 42m kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 1 40m kubernetes-dashboard-5f57845f9d-ls7q2 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 2s weave-net-gww8b 2/2 Running 0 26m weave-net-mcxml 2/2 Running 0 31m
Create service accoun for dashboard
cat <<EOF | kubectl create -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: admin-user
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: admin-user
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: admin-user
namespace: kube-system
EOF
# Get login token
kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')
When the dashboard was deployed, it used externalIPs to bind the service to port 8443. This makes the dashboard available to outside of the cluster and viewable at https://2886795335-8443-kitek05.environments.katacoda.com/
# Use the admin-user token to access the dashboard.
https://2886795335-8443-kitek05.environments.katacoda.com/#!/login
# sign in using token
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlLXN5c3RlbSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VjcmV0Lm5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbi11c2VyLXRva2VuLXNzcTl4Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZXJ2aWNlLWFjY291bnQubmFtZSI6ImFkbWluLXVzZXIiLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiI2Y2RiNGZmMy1iMDkwLTExZTktYmZmMS0wMjQyYWMxMTAwNDUiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6a3ViZS1zeXN0ZW06YWRtaW4tdXNlciJ9.R2OtDYxXaR0Pgluzq1m8FMZflF2tdYtJdG5XhkVC28vf1WkJu-Zo51I5ONUiK2WdBEMPw-N2PW_R9l6lak1clvlxfUSn777nThYSxhmR5pfxi6GmDlFo928KJvWVPDen1jrzAaQOEUZ1maOzPcnjKGpR-CRTgmYDnxZY84rqi68y0vfdn16ER8HeW-wkJ-hfGyUAhryk_ob1CUBjjbs-vefpaLcHLdrWNaKaFi1j5fCc_eJi10FpSTmuBsb04xgN0I17hkTlSw2fyOAj7LtC3pBDrK0nOdHCJkBEtsg89rkvLufYph5AFeoWQVKdW9JZH8BYS91BFla7pZnTwdBVeA
https://2886795335-8443-kitek05.environments.katacoda.com/#!/overview?namespace=default
services
Start containers using Kubectl
1 minikube start # start kubernetes cluster and its components
2 * minikube v1.2.0 on linux (amd64)
3 * Creating none VM (CPUs=2, Memory=2048MB, Disk=20000MB) ...
4 * Configuring environment for Kubernetes v1.15.0 on Docker 18.09.5
5 - kubelet.resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf
6 * Pulling images ...
7 * Launching Kubernetes ...
8 * Configuring local host environment ...
9 * Verifying: apiserver proxy etcd
10
11 scheduler controller dns
12 * Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube"
13
14 $ kubectl get nodes
15 NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
16 minikube Ready master 2m2s v1.15.0
17
18 $ kubectl get service
19 NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
20 kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 2m18s
21 # This deployment is issued to the Kubernetes master which launches the Pods and containers required. Kubectl run_ is similar to docker run but at a cluster
22 level.
23
24 # launch a deployment called http which will start a container based on the Docker Image katacoda/docker-http-server:latest.
25 $ kubectl run http --image=katacoda/docker-http-server:latest --replicas=1
26 kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version.Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kubectl create instead.
27 deployment.apps/http created
28 $ kubectl get deployments
29 NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
30 http 1/1 1 1 6s
31
32 # you can describe the deployment process.
33 kubectl describe deployment http
34
35 # expose the container port 80 on the host 8000 binding to the external-ip of the host.
36 $ kubectl expose deployment http --external-ip="172.17.0.13" --port=8000 --target-port=80
37 service/http exposed
38
39 $ curl http://172.17.0.13:8000
40 <h1>This request was processed by host: http-5fcf9dd9cb-zfkkz</h1>
41
42 $ kubectl get pods
43 NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
44 http-5fcf9dd9cb-zfkkz 1/1 Running 0 3m26s
45
46 $ kubectl get service
47 NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
48 http ClusterIP 10.100.157.159 172.17.0.13 8000/TCP 57s
49 kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 7m41s
50
51 $ curl http://10.100.157.159:8000
52 <h1>This request was processed by host: http-5fcf9dd9cb-zfkkz</h1>
53
54 $ kubectl run httpexposed --image=katacoda/docker-http-server:latest --replicas=1 --port=80 --host
55 port=8001
56 kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version.
57 Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kubectl create instead.
58 deployment.apps/httpexposed created
59 $ curl http://172.17.0.13:8001
60 <h1>This request was processed by host: httpexposed-569df5d86-rzzhb</h1>
61 $ kubectl get svc
62 NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
63 http ClusterIP 10.100.157.159 172.17.0.13 8000/TCP 3m50s
64 kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 10m
65
66 $ kubectl get pods
67 NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
68 http-5fcf9dd9cb-zfkkz 1/1 Running 0 7m9s
69 httpexposed-569df5d86-rzzhb 1/1 Running 0 36s
70
71 # Scaling the deployment will request Kubernetes to launch additional Pods.
72 $ kubectl scale --replicas=3 deployment http
73 deployment.extensions/http scaled
74
75 $ kubectl get pods # amount of pods for service http increased to 3
76 NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
77 http-5fcf9dd9cb-fhljh 1/1 Running 0 31s
78 http-5fcf9dd9cb-wb2dh 1/1 Running 0 31s
79 http-5fcf9dd9cb-zfkkz 1/1 Running 0 9m27s
80 httpexposed-569df5d86-rzzhb 1/1 Running 0 2m54s
81
82 # Once each Pod starts it will be added to the load balancer service.
83
84 $ kubectl get service
85 NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
86 http ClusterIP 10.100.157.159 172.17.0.13 8000/TCP 7m28s
87 kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 14m
88
89 $ kubectl describe svc http
90 Name: http
91 Namespace: defaultLabels: run=httpAnnotations: <none>
92 Selector: run=httpType: ClusterIPIP: 10.100.157.159
93 External IPs: 172.17.0.13
94 Port: <unset> 8000/TCP
95 TargetPort: 80/TCP
96 Endpoints: 172.18.0.4:80,172.18.0.6:80,172.18.0.7:80
97 Session Affinity: None
98 Events: <none>
99
100 $ curl http://172.17.0.13:8000
101 <h1>This request was processed by host: http-5fcf9dd9cb-wb2dh</h1>
102 $ curl http://172.17.0.13:8000
103 <h1>This request was processed by host: http-5fcf9dd9cb-fhljh</h1>
104 $ curl http://172.17.0.13:8000
105 <h1>This request was processed by host: http-5fcf9dd9cb-zfkkz</h1>