Python

Python is a programming language that lets you work more quickly and integrate your systems more effectively.

Links:

UTF-8

At the start of source code files:

   1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
   2 print u"Olá mundo" # hello world in portuguese

Letter á is encoded as hexadecimal 0xC3A1 in UTF-8 and as 0x00E1 in UTF-16. http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/e1/index.htm

Letter ú is encoded as hexadecimal 0xC3BA in UTF-8, as 0x00FA in UTF-16 and as 0xFA in latin-1/ISO8859-1/CP-1252.

   1 #utf-8 data
   2 utf81 ='\xc3\xba' 
   3 # convert from utf-8 to unicode
   4 unic = utf81.decode('utf-8') 
   5 
   6 for c in unic:
   7     print '%04X'%(ord(c))
   8 # convert from unicode to latin1/ISO8859-1 CP-1252
   9 lat1=unic.encode('latin1') 
  10 for c in lat1:
  11     print '%02X'%(ord(c))

Utf-8 and Unicode

   1 utf81='\xe1\xb7\x97' #utf-8 data
   2 
   3 unic = utf81.decode('utf-8') #converts from utf-8 to unicode (utf-16)
   4 for c in unic:
   5     print '%04X'%(ord(c))
   6 type(unic) # unicode, 2 bytes per char
   7 type(utf81) # str, 1 bytes per char

Time and date

   1 import time
   2 # get seconds since epoch until now in UTC to a string year-month-dayThour:minute:second
   3 strutc = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S', time.gmtime() ) 
   4 # get seconds since epoch until now  in localtime to a string  year-month-dayThour:minute:second
   5 strlocal = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S', time.localtime() ) 
   6 # number seconds since epoch
   7 nrSeconds = time.mktime(time.gmtime())
   8 nrSeconds = time.time() #usually is UTC on all OS
   9 # from timestamp to string date
  10 import datetime
  11 print(datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1284101485).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
  12 #
  13 def toUTCDateStr(timestamp):
  14     return datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp( timestamp ).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S ')
  15 # timedelta
  16 import datetime
  17 x=datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1284101485)
  18 nowx=datetime.datetime.now()                    
  19 ts=(nowx-x).total_seconds()
  20 print int(ts)

Write and reading data for a plist file

A plist file stores data in XML format.

   1 import plistlib
   2 value = [{'key1':123,'key2':'asdf'},{'keyx1':'testing','keyz1':'yup'}]
   3 # save value in plist file
   4 plistlib.writePlist(value,'/tmp/plist1.plist')
   5 o=plistlib.readPlist('/tmp/plist1.plist')
   6 print o

Content of the file /tmp/plist1.plist

   1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   2 <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
   3 <plist version="1.0">
   4 <array>
   5         <dict>
   6                 <key>key1</key>
   7                 <integer>123</integer>
   8                 <key>key2</key>
   9                 <string>asdf</string>
  10         </dict>
  11         <dict>
  12                 <key>keyx1</key>
  13                 <string>testing</string>
  14                 <key>keyz1</key>
  15                 <string>yup</string>
  16         </dict>
  17 </array>
  18 </plist>

Threading

   1 #!/usr/bin/python
   2 # timestable.py
   3 # calculates the times table in concurrency
   4 import threading
   5 import time
   6 
   7 class TimesTable (threading.Thread):
   8     def __init__(self, timesTable):
   9         threading.Thread.__init__(self) #required
  10         self.timeTable = timesTable
  11         self.count = 1
  12     def run(self):
  13         loop=True
  14         while loop:
  15             time.sleep(1) #sleep for 1 second
  16             result=self.timeTable * self.count
  17             print "%d*%d=%d"%(self.timeTable,self.count,result)
  18             if self.count<10:
  19                 self.count = self.count+1
  20             else:
  21                 self.count=1
  22 
  23 # create threads
  24 timesTable2 = TimesTable(2)
  25 timesTable5 = TimesTable(7)
  26 
  27 # start the threads
  28 timesTable2.start()
  29 timesTable5.start()

unit tests

   1 import unittest
   2 
   3 class SimpleWidgetTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
   4     def setUp(self):
   5         self.widget = Widget('The widget')
   6 
   7     def tearDown(self):
   8         self.widget.dispose()
   9         self.widget = None

cython

Installation:

su
cd /tmp
wget http://cython.org/release/Cython-0.19.1.tar.gz
tar xvzf Cython-0.19.1.tar.gz
cd Cython-0.19.1
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

pymssql

Requires cython. Installation:

su
cd /tmp
wget http://pymssql.googlecode.com/files/pymssql-2.0.0b1-dev-20111019.tar.gz
tar xvvzf pymssql-2.0.0b1-dev-20111019.tar.gz
cd pymssql-2.0.0b1-dev-20111019
python setup.py build
python setup.py install
python
import pymssql

pywhois

Python module for retrieving WHOIS information of domains http://code.google.com/p/pywhois/.

Fetch code with mercurial:

cd /tmp
hg clone https://code.google.com/p/pywhois/
cd pywhois
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

Syntax highlighting on Vim for wsgi

Edit ~./.vimrc:

   1 syntax on
   2 filetype on
   3 au BufNewFile,BufRead *.wsgi set filetype=python

Get file modification time

   1 import os
   2 nrSeconds=os.path.getmtime('/folder/file') # unix epoch, nr secs since 1970-01-01 00:00:00

Kill process with PID

   1 import os
   2 import signal
   3 os.kill(pid,signal.SIGTERM)

Log message to /var/log/messages or /var/log/syslog

   1 import syslog
   2 syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_INFO,'message to syslog')

Simple process monitor

   1 # example service, dummyService.py
   2 import time
   3 while True:
   4     try:
   5         f=open('filex.log','wb')
   6         f.write('%f'%(time.time()))
   7         f.close() 
   8         time.sleep(5)
   9     except KeyboardInterrupt:
  10         quit()

   1 #service monitor.py
   2 # * * * * * /usr/bin/python /home/vitor/svc/monitor.py
   3 import os
   4 import syslog
   5 import subprocess
   6 
   7 if __name__=="__main__":
   8     files = os.listdir('/proc')
   9     script="dummyService.py"
  10     prefix="dummyService:"
  11 
  12     svcRunning=False
  13 
  14     for file in files:
  15 
  16         if file.isdigit():
  17             cmdline = open('/proc/%s/cmdline'%(file),'r').read()
  18             proc = "%s %s "%(file,cmdline)
  19 
  20             if script  in proc :
  21                 svcRunning=True
  22 
  23     if svcRunning==False:
  24         syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_INFO,'%s process created '%(prefix) )
  25         subprocess.Popen(['/usr/bin/python','dummyService.py'],cwd='/home/userx/svc')

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