Contents
CSharp
CSharp is a multi-paradigm programming language encompassing strong typing, imperative, declarative, functional, procedural, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines. It was developed by Microsoft within its .NET initiative and later approved as a standard by Ecma (ECMA-334) and ISO (ISO/IEC 23270:2006). C# is one of the programming languages designed for the Common Language Infrastructure. From Wikipedia
Compile code based on csc (CSharp compiler)
Look for the compiler in c:\windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\<version>\csc.exe
Hello world sample code:
Compile HelloWorld.cs:
1 csc /t:exe /out:HelloWorld.exe HelloWorld.cs
Build batch file example .NET 4.0
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\csc.exe /t:library /out:libx.dll src\_Default.cs src\DALSql.cs src\Global.cs
app.config sample
Copy src/app.config to AppX.exe.config.
JSON library several .net version
http://james.newtonking.com/json
Deserialization example
1 // mcs test.cs /r:Newtonsoft.Json.dll
2 // mono test.exe
3
4 using Newtonsoft.Json;
5 using System;
6
7 public class Reply{
8 public int mnr {get;set;}
9 public int fnr {get;set;}
10 public MSG[] msg {get;set;}
11 }
12
13 public class MSG{
14 public DateX date {get;set;}
15 public string msg {get;set;}
16
17 }
18
19 public class DateX{
20 [JsonProperty("$date")]
21 public long datex { get;set; }
22 }
23
24 public class Program{
25 public static void Main(string[] args){
26 string json = @"{\"mnr\": 1, \"fnr\": 777, \"msg\": [
27 {\"date\": {\"$date\": 1388679281000}, \"msg\": \"AAAAA\"},
28 {\"date\": {\"$date\": 1388678779000}, \"msg\": \"BBBBB\"},
29 {\"date\": {\"$date\": 1388676003000}, \"msg\": \"CCCCC\"}
30 ]}";
31
32 Reply r = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Reply>(json);
33 System.Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Fnumber:{0} MNumber:{1}",r.fnr,r.mnr));
34
35 foreach(MSG msg in r.msg) {
36 System.Console.WriteLine(String.Format("MSG:{0} Date:{1} ",msg.msg, msg.date.datex ));
37 }
38 }
39 }
String format examples
IL sample code
IL (Intermediate Language) code from C# build with Mono.
1 /*
2 Compile code
3 mcs -sdk:4.5 testeILAsm.cs
4
5 Get IL code
6 monodis testeILAsm.exe > testeILAsm.il
7 */
8
9 using System;
10 using System.IO;
11
12 namespace org.bitarus.allowed
13 {
14 public class Program
15 {
16 private static void dummy(int a,int b) {
17 int res=sum(a,b);
18 log(a,b);
19 log(a,b);
20 }
21
22 private static void log(int skey,int salt) {
23 string line=String.Format("skey:{0:X8} Salt:{1:X8}",skey,salt);
24
25 using (StreamWriter w =File.AppendText("logx.txt")) {
26 w.WriteLine(line);
27 }
28
29 System.Console.WriteLine(line);
30 }
31
32 private static int sum(int a,int b)
33 {
34 return a+b;
35 }
36
37 public static void Main(string[] args)
38 {
39 System.Console.WriteLine("Hello world");
40 int x1=1234;
41 int x2=5678;
42 dummy(x1,x2);
43 }
44 }
45 }
1 .assembly extern mscorlib
2 {
3 .ver 4:0:0:0
4 .publickeytoken = (B7 7A 5C 56 19 34 E0 89 ) // .z\V.4..
5 }
6 .assembly 'testeILAsm'
7 {
8 .custom instance void class [mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeCompatibilityAttribute::'.ctor'() = (
9 01 00 01 00 54 02 16 57 72 61 70 4E 6F 6E 45 78 // ....T..WrapNonEx
10 63 65 70 74 69 6F 6E 54 68 72 6F 77 73 01 ) // ceptionThrows.
11
12 .hash algorithm 0x00008004
13 .ver 0:0:0:0
14 }
15 .module testeILAsm.exe // GUID = {6FFBF541-A6EC-4419-8CA6-549A5A6E2EA7}
16
17
18 .namespace org.bitarus.allowed
19 {
20 .class public auto ansi beforefieldinit Program
21 extends [mscorlib]System.Object
22 {
23
24 // method line 1
25 .method private static hidebysig
26 default void dummy (int32 a, int32 b) cil managed
27 {
28 // Method begins at RVA 0x2050
29 // Code size 23 (0x17)
30 .maxstack 2
31 .locals init (
32 int32 V_0)
33 IL_0000: ldarg.0
34 IL_0001: ldarg.1
35 IL_0002: call int32 class org.bitarus.allowed.Program::sum(int32, int32)
36 IL_0007: stloc.0
37 IL_0008: ldarg.0
38 IL_0009: ldarg.1
39 IL_000a: call void class org.bitarus.allowed.Program::log(int32, int32)
40 IL_000f: ldarg.0
41 IL_0010: ldarg.1
42 IL_0011: call void class org.bitarus.allowed.Program::log(int32, int32)
43 IL_0016: ret
44 } // end of method Program::dummy
45
46 // method line 2
47 .method private static hidebysig
48 default void log (int32 skey, int32 salt) cil managed
49 {
50 // Method begins at RVA 0x2074
51 // Code size 66 (0x42)
52 .maxstack 3
53 .locals init (
54 string V_0,
55 class [mscorlib]System.IO.StreamWriter V_1)
56 IL_0000: ldstr "skey:{0:X8} Salt:{1:X8}"
57 IL_0005: ldarg.0
58 IL_0006: box [mscorlib]System.Int32
59 IL_000b: ldarg.1
60 IL_000c: box [mscorlib]System.Int32
61 IL_0011: call string string::Format(string, object, object)
62 IL_0016: stloc.0
63 IL_0017: ldstr "logx.txt"
64 IL_001c: call class [mscorlib]System.IO.StreamWriter class [mscorlib]System.IO.File::AppendText(string)
65 IL_0021: stloc.1
66 .try { // 0
67 IL_0022: ldloc.1
68 IL_0023: ldloc.0
69 IL_0024: callvirt instance void class [mscorlib]System.IO.TextWriter::WriteLine(string)
70 IL_0029: leave IL_003b
71
72 } // end .try 0
73 finally { // 0
74 IL_002e: ldloc.1
75 IL_002f: brfalse IL_003a
76
77 IL_0034: ldloc.1
78 IL_0035: callvirt instance void class [mscorlib]System.IDisposable::Dispose()
79 IL_003a: endfinally
80 } // end handler 0
81 IL_003b: ldloc.0
82 IL_003c: call void class [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string)
83 IL_0041: ret
84 } // end of method Program::log
85
86 // method line 3
87 .method private static hidebysig
88 default int32 sum (int32 a, int32 b) cil managed
89 {
90 // Method begins at RVA 0x20d4
91 // Code size 4 (0x4)
92 .maxstack 8
93 IL_0000: ldarg.0
94 IL_0001: ldarg.1
95 IL_0002: add
96 IL_0003: ret
97 } // end of method Program::sum
98
99 // method line 4
100 .method public static hidebysig
101 default void Main (string[] args) cil managed
102 {
103 // Method begins at RVA 0x20dc
104 .entrypoint
105 // Code size 30 (0x1e)
106 .maxstack 2
107 .locals init (
108 int32 V_0,
109 int32 V_1)
110 IL_0000: ldstr "Hello world"
111 IL_0005: call void class [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string)
112 IL_000a: ldc.i4 1234
113 IL_000f: stloc.0
114 IL_0010: ldc.i4 5678
115 IL_0015: stloc.1
116 IL_0016: ldloc.0
117 IL_0017: ldloc.1
118 IL_0018: call void class org.bitarus.allowed.Program::dummy(int32, int32)
119 IL_001d: ret
120 } // end of method Program::Main
121
122 // method line 5
123 .method public hidebysig specialname rtspecialname
124 instance default void '.ctor' () cil managed
125 {
126 // Method begins at RVA 0x2106
127 // Code size 7 (0x7)
128 .maxstack 8
129 IL_0000: ldarg.0
130 IL_0001: call instance void object::'.ctor'()
131 IL_0006: ret
132 } // end of method Program::.ctor
133
134 } // end of class org.bitarus.allowed.Program
135 }
CIL (Common Intermediate Language) instructions
Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_CIL_instructions
Opcode |
Instruction |
Description |
0x00 |
nop |
do nothing |
0x2A |
ret |
return from method possibly with value |
0x28 |
call <method> |
Call method described by method |
0x72 |
ldstr <string> |
Push a string object for the literal string |
0x02 |
ldarg.0 |
Load argument 0 onto the stack |
0x03 |
ldarg.1 |
Load argument 1 onto the stack |
0x16 |
ldc.i4.0 |
Push 0 onto the stack as int32 |
0x17 |
ldc.i4.1 |
Push 1 onto the stack as int32 |
0x20 |
ldc.i4 <int32 (num)> |
Push num of type int32 onto the stack as int32 |
0x0A |
stloc.0 |
Pop a value from stack into local variable 0 |
0x0B |
stloc.1 |
Pop a value from stack into local variable 1 |
0x06 |
ldloc.0 |
Load local variable 0 onto stack |
0x07 |
ldloc.1 |
Load local variable 1 onto stack |
IL code usually resides before string 'BSJB' 0x45534A42.
Simple TCP server
1 using System;
2 using System.Net;
3 using System.Net.Sockets;
4 using System.Threading;
5 using System.Text;
6
7 public class Server
8 {
9 public static void ConnectionHandler(object socket)
10 {
11 if( socket is Socket )
12 {
13 var s=(Socket)socket;
14 bool exit=false;
15 while(!exit)
16 {
17 byte[] rxbuffer = new byte[8192];
18 int nrRx = s.Receive(rxbuffer,rxbuffer.Length,0);
19 string rx = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(rxbuffer, 0, nrRx);
20 System.Console.Write(rx.ToUpper());
21 if(rx=="exit\n") {
22 exit=true;
23 }
24 Byte[] tx = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(rx.ToUpper());
25 s.Send(tx,tx.Length,0);
26 }
27 s.Close();
28 }
29 }
30
31 public static void Main(string[] args)
32 {
33 Socket s = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
34 IPEndPoint ep = new IPEndPoint( new IPAddress(new byte[]{0,0,0,0 }) ,9090);
35 var handlerCallback = new WaitCallback(ConnectionHandler);
36 s.Bind(ep);
37 s.Listen(0);
38
39 while(true)
40 {
41 Socket rx = s.Accept();
42 ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(handlerCallback, rx );
43 }
44 }
45 }
Sample Web Service with Mono + IIS 6
web.config
ws.asmx
1 <%@ WebService Class="WS.RemoteWebService" %>
ws.cs
1 //gmcs /r:System,System.Web,System.Web.Services ws.cs /t:library
2 using System;
3 using System.Web;
4 using System.Web.Services;
5
6 namespace WS
7 {
8 [WebService (Description="Our first web service")]
9 public class RemoteWebService : System.Web.Services.WebService
10 {
11 [WebMethod (Description="Adds two numbers")]
12 public int Add (int firstNumber, int secondNumber)
13 {
14 return firstNumber + secondNumber;
15 }
16 }
17 }
Deploy the DLL inside a bin folder
Linq example
1 using System;
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.Linq;
4
5 interface Filter{
6 List<int> filterNumbers(List<int> numbers);
7 }
8
9 class NormalFilter:Filter{
10 public List<int> filterNumbers(List<int> numbers){
11 var oddNumbers = new List<int>();
12 foreach(var nr in numbers){
13 if( nr%2==0){
14 oddNumbers.Add(nr);
15 }
16 }
17 return oddNumbers;
18 }
19 }
20
21 class LinqFilter:Filter{
22 public List<int> filterNumbers(List<int> numbers){
23 var oddNumbersLinq = numbers.Where( x => x%2==0).ToList();
24 return oddNumbersLinq;
25 }
26 }
27
28 class MainClass {
29 public static void Main (string[] args) {
30 var numbers = new List<int>();
31
32 for(int i=1;i<=10;i++){
33 numbers.Add(i);
34 }
35
36 var oddNumbers = new List<int>();
37 foreach(var nr in numbers){
38 if( nr%2==0){
39 oddNumbers.Add(nr);
40 }
41 }
42
43 var oddNumbersLinq = numbers.Where( x => x%2==0).ToList();
44
45 var fromNormal = new NormalFilter().filterNumbers(numbers);
46 var fromLinq = new LinqFilter().filterNumbers(numbers);
47
48 fromNormal.ForEach(x => Console.WriteLine(x) );
49 fromLinq.ForEach(x => Console.WriteLine(x) );
50 }
51 }
Other implementation
1 using System;
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.Linq;
4
5 namespace Even{
6 public interface IFilter{
7 IEnumerable<int> FilterEven(IList<int> data);
8 }
9
10 public class NormalLoop : IFilter {
11 public IEnumerable<int> FilterEven(IList<int> data){
12 List<int> ret = new List<int>();
13 for(var i=0; i<data.Count; i++){
14 if( data[i]%2 ==0 ){
15 ret.Add(data[i]);
16 }
17 }
18
19 return ret;
20 }
21 }
22
23 public class LinqLoop : IFilter {
24 public IEnumerable<int> FilterEven(IList<int> data){
25 return data.Where(nr => nr % 2 == 0);
26 }
27 }
28
29 public class MainClass {
30 public static void Main (string[] args) {
31 int[] i={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
32 IFilter loop = new NormalLoop();
33 IFilter loopLinq= new LinqLoop();
34
35 Console.WriteLine("Normal impl");
36 foreach(var item in loop.FilterEven(i) ){
37 Console.WriteLine(item);
38 }
39 Console.WriteLine("Linq impl");
40 foreach(var item in loopLinq.FilterEven(i) ){
41 Console.WriteLine(item);
42 }
43 }
44 }
45 }