Differences between revisions 24 and 46 (spanning 22 versions)

git

Git is a distributed version control and source code management (SCM) system.

SSH public key generation

   1 ls ~/.ssh
   2 ssh-keygen # create ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub keys
   3 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub # shows key to be sent to the git server admin
   4

Config

   1 git config --global user.name "John Doe"
   2 git config --global user.email johndoe@example.com
   3 git config --list

Local config for repository

   1 git config user.name "John Doe"
   2 git config user.email johndoe@example.com
   3 git config --local --list
   4 cat .git/config # [user]
   5

Create repository

   1 cd <project>
   2 git init #create folder .git
   3 touch README.md
   4 touch .gitignore
   5 git add . 
   6 git commit -m 'Initial commit'
   7 git remote add origin git@gitserver:/opt/git/project.git # setup origin for repository
   8 git push origin master

Edit .gitignore for Java

*.jar
*.war
*.ear
*.zip

Sample .gitignore

*~
.metadata
*.class
*.jar
*.war 
*.ear 
*.zip
target/

Clone repository

   1 git clone git@git.server.net:repository.git # by ssh
   2 git clone ssh://git@git.server.net:1234/home/git/repository.git
   3 git clone https://git.server.net/repository.git #by https
   4 cd repository

Branch creation based on current branch

   1 git branch #show current branch
   2 git checkout -b B/20130801/BRANCH-XYZ master # create new branch based on branch master
   3 git branch -m B/20130801/BRANCH-XYZ B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ # rename local branch
   4 git push origin B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ # push branch B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ to remote
   5

Commit to remote branch

   1 git commit -am 'Message commit xyz ' --all #commit locally
   2 git pull origin B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ # sync with remote branch
   3 # fix conflicts and commit conflict resolution
   4 git push origin B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ # send changes to remote branch
   5 git commit -am 'Message commit asdf ' --all #commit locally
   6 git pull --rebase origin B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ # sync with remote branch with rebase
   7 # fix conflicts and commit conflict resolution
   8 git push origin B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ # send changes to remote branch
   9

Merge to other branch

   1 git checkout master # merge destination branch 
   2 git pull origin master # sync dest branch
   3 git merge --no-ff B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ # merge branch B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ to branch master
   4 git pull origin master
   5 git push origin master

   1 git checkout development
   2 git checkout -b feature_branch origin/feature_branch
   3 git add .
   4 git commit -m "msg" # commit in feature branch
   5 git checkout development
   6 git pull origin development
   7 git checkout feature_branch
   8 git merge --no-ff development
   9 git pull origin feature_branch
  10 git push origin feature_branch

Reapply .gitignore

   1 cd <projectFolder>
   2 git rm -r -f --cached .
   3 git add .
   4 git status #check files to be commited
   5

Setup git server on RHEL/Debian 12 bookworm

http://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-on-the-Server-Setting-Up-the-Server

Home folder for git user must have permissions only for that user.

   1 chown git . -R
   2 chgrp git . -R

The bare repositories folders must have permissions only for git user.

   1 chown git . -R
   2 chgrp git . -R

   1 sudo bash 
   2 adduser git
   3 su git
   4 cd
   5 mkdir .ssh
   6 cd .ssh
   7 git --version # git version 1.7.1 git version 2.39.5
   8 
   9 #generate and paste the pub key from my user on local machine
  10 # ssh-keygen -f id_rsa -p
  11 ssh-keygen -t rsa
  12 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub #local machine
  13 
  14 # in the git server
  15 cd .ssh # git account
  16 vim authorized_keys  #git server, paste the content of id_rsa.pub
  17 cd ~
  18 chmod 700 .ssh/
  19 chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys 
  20 ssh git@bitarus.allowed.org # test connection from local machine
  21 vim /etc/passwd #change shell for git user
  22 git:x:505:505::/home/git:/usr/bin/git-shell 
  23 
  24 # create project on git server
  25 cd /home/git
  26 mkdir hello.git
  27 cd hello.git
  28 git --bare init
  29 chown git . -R
  30 chgrp git . -R
  31 
  32 #create project on local machine
  33 cd ~
  34 cd gitRepository
  35 mkdir hello
  36 cd hello
  37 git init
  38 touch README.md
  39 git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
  40 git config --global user.name "Your Name"
  41 git add .
  42 git commit -m 'initial commit'
  43 git config --list #check config
  44 git remote add origin ssh://git@bitarus.allowed.org:1234/home/git/hello.git
  45 git push origin master
  46 git log

Revert file to original

   1 git checkout -- testFile.txt

Github change from https to ssh

   1 git remote -v # check current remote repository
   2 git remote set-url origin git@github.com:user/project.git

Delete local branch development and checkout remote development branch

   1 git branch -d development
   2 git checkout -b development origin/development # get local branch from remote branch
   3

Switch between branches

   1 git checkout development
   2 git branch # check current branch 
   3 git checkout master
   4 git branch # check current branch 
   5

Get remote branch to local branch

   1 git fetch origin
   2 git checkout -b wiki origin/wiki # local branch wiki from remote origin/wiki
   3

Revert to HEAD revision

   1 git reset --hard HEAD

Make colors show properly on git diff and git log

   1 git config --global core.pager 'less -R'

Change commit message before a push

   1 git commit --amend

Files in branch changed between revisions

   1 git diff --name-only hash1 hash2
   2 git diff --name-only hash1 HEAD

Clean untracked files and folders

   1 git clean -n -d
   2 git clean -f -d

Reset to version in remote repository

   1 git fetch origin
   2 git reset --hard origin/master

Git for windows (git bash)

https://git-scm.com/download/win

Join several commits not pushed

Use the git rebase.

   1 git rebase -i origin/master

Pick (choose) several commits and put them all with the "squash" commit that usually is the most recent one. It may be cancelled using git rebase --abort.

Difference between remote and local branch

   1 git diff origin/master..master

GitFlow

https://datasift.github.io/gitflow/IntroducingGitFlow.html

New development (new features, non-emergency bug fixes) are built in feature branches:

Feature branches are branched off of the develop branch, and finished features and fixes are merged back into the develop branch when they’re ready for release

When it is time to make a release, a release branch is created off of develop:

The code in the release branch is deployed onto a suitable test environment, tested, and any problems are fixed directly in the release branch. This deploy -> test -> fix -> redeploy -> retest cycle continues until you’re happy that the release is good enough to release to customers.

When the release is finished, the release branch is merged into master and into develop too, to make sure that any changes made in the release branch aren’t accidentally lost by new development.

The master branch tracks released code only. The only commits to master are merges from release branches and hotfix branches.

Hotfix branches are used to create emergency fixes:

They are branched directly from a tagged release in the master branch, and when finished are merged back into both master and develop to make sure that the hotfix isn’t accidentally lost when the next regular release occurs.

Create local branch from commit in current branch

   1 git checkout -b test <commit sha1>

Show differences in added/staged files with git add

   1 git add filex
   2 git status
   3 git diff --staged
   4 git diff --cached

Stash

   1 git stash
   2 git stash list
   3 git stash show -p > ~/Documents/stash_diff.txt
   4 less ~/Documents/stash_diff.txt
   5 git stash pop 
   6 git stash clear # clear all stashes
   7

Update old commit message already pushed

   1 # mark as reword the commit to update
   2 git rebase -i HEAD~2
   3 reword 9b5ca7af9  Old commit
   4 pick 7331d8be5 [prefix] good commit with prefix
   5 # will show new console to add the missing prefix
   6 # [prefix] Old commit
   7 git log 
   8 # replace pick with reword each commit that needs to be changed 
   9 git push origin develop --force

-  ⇤ ← Revision 24 as of 2018-04-11 09:06:15 → 
  Size: 4685
  Editor: localhost
  Comment:
+   ← Revision 46 as of 2025-02-16 10:35:44 → ⇥
  Size: 8707
  Editor: vitor
  Comment:
-Deletions are marked like this.
+Additions are marked like this.
 Line 7:
- * ls ~/.ssh
 * ssh-keygen # create ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub keys
 * cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub # shows key to be sent to the git server admin
+{{{#!highlight sh
ls ~/.ssh
ssh-keygen # create ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub keys
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub # shows key to be sent to the git server admin
}}}
-Line 12:
+Line 14:
- * git config --global user.name "John Doe"
 * git config --global user.email johndoe@example.com
 * git config --list
+{{{#!highlight sh
git config --global user.name "John Doe"
git config --global user.email johndoe@example.com
git config --list
}}}
-Line 17:
+Line 21:
- * git config user.name "John Doe"
 * git config user.email johndoe@example.com
 * git config --local --list
 * cat .git/config # [user]
+{{{#!highlight sh
git config user.name "John Doe"
git config user.email johndoe@example.com
git config --local --list
cat .git/config # [user]
}}}
-Line 23:
+Line 29:
- * cd <project>
 * git init #create folder .git
 * touch README.md
 * touch .gitignore
 * git add . 
 * git commit -m 'Initial commit'
 * git remote add origin git@gitserver:/opt/git/project.git # setup origin for repository
 * git push origin master

Edit .gitignore
#for Java
+{{{#!highlight sh
cd <project>
git init #create folder .git
touch README.md
touch .gitignore
git add . 
git commit -m 'Initial commit'
git remote add origin git@gitserver:/opt/git/project.git # setup origin for repository
git push origin master
}}}

Edit .gitignore for Java
-Line 52:
+Line 59:
- * git clone git@git.server.net:repository.git # by ssh
 * git clone https://git.server.net/repository.git #by https
 * cd repository
+{{{#!highlight sh
git clone git@git.server.net:repository.git # by ssh
git clone ssh://git@git.server.net:1234/home/git/repository.git
git clone https://git.server.net/repository.git #by https
cd repository
}}}
-Line 57:
+Line 67:
- * git branch #show current branch
 * git checkout -b B/20130801/BRANCH-XYZ master # create new branch based on branch master
 * git branch -m B/20130801/BRANCH-XYZ B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ # rename local branch
 * git push origin B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ # push branch B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ to remote
+{{{#!highlight sh
git branch #show current branch
git checkout -b B/20130801/BRANCH-XYZ master # create new branch based on branch master
git branch -m B/20130801/BRANCH-XYZ B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ # rename local branch
git push origin B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ # push branch B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ to remote
}}}
-Line 63:
+Line 75:
- * git commit -am 'Message commit xyz ' --all #commit locally
 * git pull origin B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ # sync with remote branch
 # fix conflicts and commit conflict resolution
 * git push origin B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ # send changes to remote branch
+{{{#!highlight sh
git commit -am 'Message commit xyz ' --all #commit locally
git pull origin B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ # sync with remote branch
# fix conflicts and commit conflict resolution
git push origin B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ # send changes to remote branch
git commit -am 'Message commit asdf ' --all #commit locally
git pull --rebase origin B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ # sync with remote branch with rebase
# fix conflicts and commit conflict resolution
git push origin B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ # send changes to remote branch
}}}
-Line 69:
+Line 87:
- * git checkout master # merge destination branch 
 * git pull origin master # sync dest branch
 * git merge --no-ff B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ # merge branch B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ to branch master
 * git pull origin master
 * git push origin master
+{{{#!highlight sh
git checkout master # merge destination branch 
git pull origin master # sync dest branch
git merge --no-ff B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ # merge branch B/20130801/BRANCH-ZZZ to branch master
git pull origin master
git push origin master
}}}

{{{#!highlight sh
git checkout development
git checkout -b feature_branch origin/feature_branch
git add .
git commit -m "msg" # commit in feature branch
git checkout development
git pull origin development
git checkout feature_branch
git merge --no-ff development
git pull origin feature_branch
git push origin feature_branch
}}}
-Line 76:
+Line 109:
- * cd <projectFolder>
 * git rm -r -f --cached .
 * git add .
 * git status #check files to be commited


= Setup git server on RHEL =
+{{{#!highlight sh
cd <projectFolder>
git rm -r -f --cached .
git add .
git status #check files to be commited
}}}


= Setup git server on RHEL/Debian 12 bookworm  =
-Line 84:
+Line 119:
-{{{#!highlight bash
+Home folder for git user must have permissions only for that user. 
{{{#!highlight sh
chown git . -R
chgrp git . -R
}}}

The bare repositories folders must have permissions only for git user. 
{{{#!highlight sh
chown git . -R
chgrp git . -R
}}}

{{{#!highlight sh
-Line 91:
+Line 139:
-git --version # git version 1.7.1
+git --version # git version 1.7.1 git version 2.39.5
-Line 94:
+Line 142:
-ssh-keygen -f id_rsa -p
+# ssh-keygen -f id_rsa -p
ssh-keygen -t rsa
-Line 112:
+Line 161:
+chown git . -R
chgrp git . -R
-Line 119:
+Line 170:
-touch README
+touch README.md
git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
-Line 123:
+Line 176:
-git remote add origin git@bitarus.allowed.org:/home/git/hello.git
+git remote add origin ssh://git@bitarus.allowed.org:1234/home/git/hello.git
-Line 130:
+Line 183:
- * git checkout -- testFile.txt
+{{{#!highlight sh
git checkout -- testFile.txt
}}}
-Line 133:
+Line 188:
- * git remote -v # check current remote repository
 * git remote set-url origin git@github.com:user/project.git
+{{{#!highlight sh
git remote -v # check current remote repository
git remote set-url origin git@github.com:user/project.git
}}}
-Line 137:
+Line 194:
- * git branch -d development
 * git checkout -b development origin/development # get local branch from remote branch
+{{{#!highlight sh
git branch -d development
git checkout -b development origin/development # get local branch from remote branch
}}}
-Line 141:
+Line 200:
- * git checkout development
 * git branch # check current branch 
 * git checkout master
 * git branch # check current branch
+{{{#!highlight sh
git checkout development
git branch # check current branch 
git checkout master
git branch # check current branch 
}}}
-Line 147:
+Line 208:
- * git fetch origin
 * git checkout -b wiki origin/wiki # local branch wiki from remote origin/wiki
+{{{#!highlight sh
git fetch origin
git checkout -b wiki origin/wiki # local branch wiki from remote origin/wiki
}}}
-Line 151:
+Line 214:
- * git reset --hard HEAD
+{{{#!highlight sh
git reset --hard HEAD
}}}
-Line 154:
+Line 219:
- * git config --global core.pager 'less -R'
+{{{#!highlight sh
git config --global core.pager 'less -R'
}}}
-Line 157:
+Line 224:
- * git commit --amend
+{{{#!highlight sh
git commit --amend
}}}
-Line 160:
+Line 229:
- * git diff --name-only hash1 hash2
 * git diff --name-only hash1 HEAD
+{{{#!highlight sh
git diff --name-only hash1 hash2
git diff --name-only hash1 HEAD
}}}
-Line 164:
+Line 235:
- * git clean -n -d
 * git clean -f -d
+{{{#!highlight sh
git clean -n -d
git clean -f -d
}}}
-Line 169:
+Line 242:
- * git fetch origin
 * git reset --hard origin/master
+{{{#!highlight sh
git fetch origin
git reset --hard origin/master
}}}
-Line 174:
+Line 249:
+== Join several commits not pushed ==
Use the git rebase. 
{{{#!highlight sh
git rebase -i origin/master
}}}

Pick (choose) several commits and put them all with the "squash" commit that usually is the most recent one. 
It may be cancelled using '''git rebase --abort'''.

== Difference between remote and local branch ==
{{{#!highlight sh
git diff origin/master..master
}}}

== GitFlow ==
 * https://datasift.github.io/gitflow/IntroducingGitFlow.html
{{{
New development (new features, non-emergency bug fixes) are built in feature branches:

Feature branches are branched off of the develop branch, and finished features and fixes are merged back into the develop branch when they’re ready for release

When it is time to make a release, a release branch is created off of develop:

The code in the release branch is deployed onto a suitable test environment, tested, and any problems are fixed directly in the release branch. This deploy -> test -> fix -> redeploy -> retest cycle continues until you’re happy that the release is good enough to release to customers.

When the release is finished, the release branch is merged into master and into develop too, to make sure that any changes made in the release branch aren’t accidentally lost by new development.

The master branch tracks released code only. The only commits to master are merges from release branches and hotfix branches.

Hotfix branches are used to create emergency fixes:

They are branched directly from a tagged release in the master branch, and when finished are merged back into both master and develop to make sure that the hotfix isn’t accidentally lost when the next regular release occurs.
}}}

== Create local branch from commit in current branch ==
{{{#!highlight sh
git checkout -b test <commit sha1>
}}}

== Show differences in added/staged files with git add ==
{{{#!highlight sh
git add filex
git status
git diff --staged
git diff --cached
}}}

== Stash ==
{{{#!highlight sh
git stash
git stash list
git stash show -p > ~/Documents/stash_diff.txt
less ~/Documents/stash_diff.txt
git stash pop 
git stash clear # clear all stashes
}}}

== Update old commit message already pushed ==
{{{#!highlight sh
# mark as reword the commit to update
git rebase -i HEAD~2
reword 9b5ca7af9  Old commit
pick 7331d8be5 [prefix] good commit with prefix
# will show new console to add the missing prefix
# [prefix] Old commit
git log 
# replace pick with reword each commit that needs to be changed 
git push origin develop --force
}}}