= Slackware =
The original Linux distribution, geared towards power and stability.

http://www.slackware.com

== Vagrant on Slackware 14 32 bit ==

Ruby version: ruby 1.9.3p429 (2013-05-15 revision 40747) [x86_64-linux]

VirtualBox version, Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager 4.2.8

=== Install Vagrant from source ===
Based on [[https://github.com/mitchellh/vagrant/wiki/Installing-Vagrant-from-source]]

As root run the following:
 * cd /tmp
 * mkdir gitVagrant
 * cd gitVagrant
 * git clone https://github.com/mitchellh/vagrant.git
 * cd vagrant
 * git pull origin master #get latest version
 * #git reset a40522f5fabccb9ddabad03d836e120ff5d14093 --hard # reset to v1.3.5 
 * git reset 7ec0ee1d00a916f80b109a298bab08e391945243 --hard #reset to v1.2.7
 * gem install bundle #it may not be installed
 * bundle install
 * rake install
 * gem list
 * gem uninstall vagrant #uninstall other old gems
 * vagrant -v #check vagrant version

=== Install VirtualBox on Slackware 14 32 bit ===
Get VirtualBox 4.2.8 for Linux, i386, all distributions [[http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/4.2.8/VirtualBox-4.2.8-83876-Linux_x86.run]].

For 4.2.18 [[http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/4.2.18/VirtualBox-4.2.18-88781-Linux_x86.run]]

As root run the following commands:
 * cd <place where the downloaded virtualbox installer is>
 * chmod 755 VirtualBox-4.2.8-83876-Linux_x86.run
 * ./VirtualBox-4.2.8-83876-Linux_x86.run
 * usermod -a -G vboxusers <username>
 * id <username> #check user groups

As a normal user run the following:
 * virtualbox --help # check the version and parameters
 * virtualbox #start virtualbox

=== Get and run a base box - Ubuntu Lucid32 ===
In [[http://www.vagrantbox.es/]] there is a list of available vagrant boxes.

As normal user run the following
 * mkdir -p /tmp/vgbox
 * cd /tmp/vgbox
 * wget http://files.vagrantup.com/lucid32.box #Ubuntu 10.04 LTS
 * vagrant box add UbuntuLucid32 lucid32.box
 * vagrant init UbuntuLucid32 
 * vagrant up
 * vagrant ssh #access the VM through SSH
 * ping www.sapo.pt #inside VM ... does not reply
 * exit
 * vagrant suspend

Run the following as stated in [[http://serverfault.com/questions/453185/vagrant-virtualbox-dns-10-0-2-3-not-working]]:
 * VBoxManage list vms
 * VBoxManage modifyvm "vgbox_1372194938" --natdnsproxy1 on
 * VBoxManage modifyvm "vgbox_1372194938" --natdnshostresolver1 on
 * vagrant resume
 * vagrant ssh
 * ping www.sapo.pt # OK ! it gets ping replies
 * dpkg -l | more # show all installed packages

Running '''cat /etc/debian_version''' show its based on '''squeeze/sid'''.

Running '''cat /etc/issue.net''' show it's '''Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS''' [[http://releases.ubuntu.com/lucid/]].

Current user and pass for the lucid32 box is '''vagrant''' '''vagrant'''. To get superuser access run '''sudo bash'''.

Inspecting the file '''/etc/shadow''' we can see that only the user vagrant has a password defined.

In '''/etc/sudoers''' it is said that all users belonging to group can gain root privileges with supplying a password.

In '''/etc/group''' it is stated that vagrant belongs to the admin group.

=== Ubuntu Precise32 ===
In [[http://www.vagrantbox.es/]] there is a list of available vagrant boxes.

As normal user run the following
 * mkdir -p ~/Downloads/vagrantBoxes/
 * cd ~/Downloads/vagrantBoxes/
 * wget http://files.vagrantup.com/precise32.box #Ubuntu 12.04 LTS
 * mkdir -p /tmp/precise32
 * cd /tmp/precise32
 * vagrant box add UbuntuPrecise32 ~/Downloads/vagrantBoxes/precise32.box
 * vagrant init UbuntuPrecise32 
 * vagrant up
 * vagrant ssh #access the VM through SSH
 * ping www.sapo.pt 
 * exit
 * vagrant suspend


== Slackware NAT router with Pen 3G ==
Configure Slackware PC to share a 3G internet connection (TMN portuguese ISP).

=== Internet connection ===
The used '''APN''' is '''internet'''.

There is no PIN defined in the used SIM card.

Edit '''/etc/ppp/peers/tmnpub'''
 * /dev/ttyUSB0
 * 460800
 * connect 'chat -v -f /etc/ppp/chat/tmnpub'
 * defaultroute
 * usepeerdns

Edit '''/etc/ppp/chat/tmnpub'''
 * ABORT 'BUSY'
 * ABORT 'NO CARRIER'
 * ABORT 'ERROR'
 * ABORT 'SIM PIN'
 * ABORT 'SIM PUK'
 * &apos;&apos; AT
 * OK AT+CGDCONT=1,"IP","internet"
 * OK AT+CPIN?
 * READY ATDT*99#
 * CONNECT

To connect to the internet we must use the command:
 * pppd call tmnpub

Using the command '''ifconfig''' we should see the device '''ppp0''' in the output.

Issuing a command '''ping www.google.com''' we should get a reply with the IP address from Google.

=== Configure NAT (Network Address Translation) router ===
Translate internal network addresses (source address) to a public/usable IP address given to the 3G modem.

View the routing table:
 * route -n

It should appear the devices ppp0 and eth0, and based on the Destination and Netmask the destination interface.

Enable IP forwarding:
 * echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

Configure iptables to translate the address after they are forwarded to the correct interface, from '''eth0''' to '''ppp0''':
 * iptables -F
 * iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE

To view the iptables configuration run the commands:
 * iptables -L -t nat -v
 * iptables -L -t filter -v

{{{#!highligth bash
#script
#Enable IP forwarding:
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
#Configure iptables to translate the address after they are forwarded to the correct interface, from eth0 to ppp0:
iptables -F
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE
}}}

=== Configure client computer ===
The routing table must be configure to use the NAT on Slackware, that will act as a router.

Check the current default gateway:
 * route -n

The line with destination equal to 0.0.0.0 and gateway 0.0.0.0, is the default router/gateway and must be deleted.
We must run a command to do that, adapted to the current situation:
 * route del -net 0.0.0.0 gw 192.168.1.1

The previous command is to delete a route with destination 0.0.0.0 and gateway 192.168.1.1.

If the NAT router have the IP 192.168.1.123 then the following command must be sent:
 * route add default gw 192.168.1.123
 * route -n 

After that running '''route -n''' should return a line with:
 * Gateway: 192.168.1.123
 * Netmask: 0.0.0.0
 * Destination: 0.0.0.0
 * Iface: eth0

Running a '''ping www.google.com''' from the client computer should return the IP address from Google.

Running a '''traceroute www.google.com''' should show the IP address from the NAT router.
=== Windows ===
 * route print
 * route delete 0.0.0.0
 * route add 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.123

== Generic kernel ==
The “generic” kernel on the other hand, is a kernel which has virtually no drivers built in. All drivers will be loaded into RAM on demand. 

{{{
#/usr/share/mkinitrd/mkinitrd_command_generator.sh
#
# mkinitrd_command_generator.sh revision 1.45
#
# This script will now make a recommendation about the command to use
# in case you require an initrd image to boot a kernel that does not
# have support for your storage or root filesystem built in
# (such as the Slackware 'generic' kernels').
# A suitable 'mkinitrd' command will be:

mkinitrd -c -k 3.2.45-smp -f ext4 -r /dev/sda1 -m usb-storage:ehci-hcd:usbhid:uhci-hcd:mbcache:jbd2:ext4 -u -o /boot/initrd.gz
# Add to /etc/lilo.conf
image = /boot/vmlinuz-generic-smp-3.2.45-smp
  initrd = /boot/initrd.gz # add this line so that lilo sees initrd.gz
  root = /dev/sda1
  label = SlackwareGeneric
  read-only
# run lilo -v
}}}

== USB boot in VirtualBox ==
$VBoxManage convertfromraw -format VDI usbboot.img usbboot.vdi

== Generic on Slackware64 14.0 ==
 * /usr/share/mkinitrd/mkinitrd_command_generator.sh
 * mkinitrd -c -k 3.2.29 -f ext4 -r /dev/sda5 -m usbhid:ehci-hcd:mbcache:jbd2:ext4 -u -o /boot/initrd.gz

Add to /etc/lilo.conf
{{{
image = /boot/vmlinuz-generic-3.2.29
  initrd = /boot/initrd.gz # add this line so that lilo sees initrd.gz
  root = /dev/sda5
  label = SlackGen
  read-only
}}}
 * lilo -v

== System V (Sys V) init ==
Slackware since 7.0 also allows Sys V inits.

Sample service /etc/init.d/blah:
{{{#!highlight bash
#! /bin/sh
# /etc/init.d/blah
#

# Some things that run always
touch /var/lock/blah

# Carry out specific functions when asked to by the system
case "$1" in
  start)
    echo "Starting script blah "
    echo "Could do more here"
    ;;
  stop)
    echo "Stopping script blah"
    echo "Could do more here"
    ;;
  *)
    echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/blah {start|stop}"
    exit 1
    ;;
esac

exit 0
}}}
Mark script as executable:
 * chmod 755 /etc/init.d/blah

Default runlevels (2 3 4 5):
 * ln -s /etc/init.d/blah /etc/rc2.d/S99blah
 * ln -s /etc/init.d/blah /etc/rc2.d/K10blah
 * ln -s /etc/init.d/blah /etc/rc3.d/S99blah
 * ln -s /etc/init.d/blah /etc/rc3.d/K10blah
 * ln -s /etc/init.d/blah /etc/rc4.d/S99blah
 * ln -s /etc/init.d/blah /etc/rc4.d/K10blah
 * ln -s /etc/init.d/blah /etc/rc5.d/S99blah
 * ln -s /etc/init.d/blah /etc/rc5.d/K10blah

Check symbolic links:
 * ls /etc/rc*.d

== Sys V init for Python script ==

Sample service /etc/init.d/blah:
{{{#!highlight bash
#! /bin/sh
# /etc/init.d/blah
#

# Some things that run always
touch /var/lock/blah

# Carry out specific functions when asked to by the system
case "$1" in
  start)
    logger "Starting beat.py"     
    echo   "Starting beat.py"
    /usr/bin/python /tmp/beat.py &
    ;;
  status)
    PID=`cat /var/run/beat.pid`
    logger "Process running with PID $PID"
    echo   "Process running with PID $PID"
    ;;    
  stop)
    PID=`cat /var/run/beat.pid`
    logger "Killing process with PID $PID"
    echo   "Killing process with PID $PID"
    kill -9 $PID
    rm /var/run/beat.pid
    ;;
  *)
    echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/blah {start|status|stop}"
    exit 1
    ;;
esac

exit 0
}}}

Mark script as executable:
 * chmod 755 /etc/init.d/blah

Default runlevels (2 3 4 5):
 * ln -s /etc/init.d/blah /etc/rc2.d/S99blah
 * ln -s /etc/init.d/blah /etc/rc2.d/K10blah
 * ln -s /etc/init.d/blah /etc/rc3.d/S99blah
 * ln -s /etc/init.d/blah /etc/rc3.d/K10blah
 * ln -s /etc/init.d/blah /etc/rc4.d/S99blah
 * ln -s /etc/init.d/blah /etc/rc4.d/K10blah
 * ln -s /etc/init.d/blah /etc/rc5.d/S99blah
 * ln -s /etc/init.d/blah /etc/rc5.d/K10blah

Check symbolic links:
 * ls /etc/rc*.d

Python /tmp/beat.py code:
{{{#!highlight python
#!/usr/bin/python
import threading
import time
import os
import syslog
import datetime

class Beat(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self) #required

    def run(self):
        loop=True
        while loop:
            syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_INFO, "Beat %s"%(datetime.datetime.now()) )
            time.sleep(5)

if __name__=="__main__":
    f=open('/var/run/beat.pid','wa')
    f.write('%d'%(os.getpid()))
    f.close()
    os.getpid()
    b = Beat()
    b.start()
}}}

== Packages updates ==
Check patches/packages and patches/PACKAGES.TXT for the desired Slackware version.
URL for Slackware 14.0 ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/

=== Get packages to be updated ===
 * cd ~/Downloads/slack14i386patches
 * wget ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/PACKAGES.TXT
 * cat PACKAGES.TXT | grep "PACKAGE NAME" | awk '//{print $3}'| sed 's/.txz//g'  | xargs -i ls /var/log/packages/{} &> /tmp/out.txt ;mkdir -p /tmp/packages;cd /tmp/packages;  cat /tmp/out.txt | grep cannot | awk '//{print $4}' | sed 's/\/var\/log\/packages\///g' | sed 's/://g' | xargs -i wget ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/{}.txz


=== Caching only nameserver/DNS server ===
 * chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/rc.bind
 * Check the configuration with '''named-checkconf'''.
 * Start the service with /etc/rc.d/rc.bind start

Edit '''/etc/resolv.conf'''
{{{
nameserver 127.0.0.1
}}}

Edit '''/etc/named.conf'''
{{{
options {
 directory "/var/named";
 forwarders { 8.8.8.8; 8.8.4.4; };
};

// a caching only nameserver config
zone "." IN {
 type hint;
 file "caching-example/named.root";
};

zone "localhost" IN {
 type master;
 file "caching-example/localhost.zone";
 allow-update { none; };
};

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
 type master;
 file "caching-example/named.local";
 allow-update { none; };
};

logging {
  channel my_named_channel {
  file "/tmp/named.log";
  // syslog info;
  // Set the severity to dynamic to see all the debug messages.
  severity dynamic;
  print-time yes;
  print-severity yes;
  print-category yes;
 };
 category queries {   my_named_channel; };
 category client {   my_named_channel; };
 category default { default_syslog; };
};

}}}

== Update bash on Slackware64 14 ==
 * wget ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/bash-4.2.048-x86_64-2_slack14.0.txz
 * upgradepkg bash-4.2.048-x86_64-2_slack14.0.txz 

== Upgrade from Slackware 14.0 to 14.1 ==
 * ctrl+alt+f1
 * mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
 * cd /mnt/cdrom
 * cp slackware /root/ -r
 * cd /root
 * telninit 1
 * login as root
 * cd /root/slackware
 * upgradepkg a/glibc-solibs-*.t?z
 * upgradepkg a/pkgtools-*.tgz
 * upgradepkg a/tar-*.tgz
 * upgradepkg a/xz-*.tgz
 * upgradepkg a/findutils-*.txz
 * upgradepkg --install-new /root/slackware/*/*.t?z
 * removepkg Terminal aumix kdegames kdemultimedia ksecrets mysql printer-applet quanta rexima scim-bridge xxgdb
 * Check file /etc/lilo.conf to see which old kernel is used #/boot/vmlinuz-generic-smp-3.2.45-smp
 * /usr/share/mkinitrd/mkinitrd_command_generator.sh -k 3.10.17-smp | bash
 * In /etc/lilo.conf use image=/boot/vmlinuz-generic-smp-3.10.17-smp
 * lilo -v
 * telinit 3
 * reboot
 * After the reboot shows the kernel version 3.10.17
 * In /etc/rc.d/rc.local add modprobe snd_mixer_oss