= NetBSD =
NetBSD is a free, fast, secure, and highly portable Unix-like Open Source operating system. It is available for a wide range of platforms, from large-scale servers and powerful desktop systems to handheld and embedded devices.

https://www.netbsd.org/

https://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/index.html

== Install ==
{{{
VirtualBox installation
Start VirtualBox
New
Name NetBSD 7.0.1
Choose type BSD
version NetBSD 64 bit
RAM 512 MB
Create virtual disk dynamic VDI with Fixed size 8 GB
Create
    
Start VM
Choose ISO NetBSD-7.0.1-amd64.iso
Start
    
1 - Install NetBSD 
a - installation messages in english
q - keyboard type portuguese
a - install netbsd to hard disk 
shall we continue? (b) yes 
which disk? a) wd0 
a - this is the correct geometry
b - use the entire disk 
install netbsd bootcode? a) yes 
b - use existing partition sizes 
x - partition sizes ok
name harddisk: VBOX HARDDISK
shall we continue? yes 
a) use bios console
x) exit 
a) full installation
install from: a) cd-rom 
Hit enter to continue 
a) configure net       a) wm0       autoselect autoconfig? yes
hostname: netbsd
domain name: 
they are ok? yes
install in /etc? yes
b) timezone Portugal
c) root shell /bin/sh
d) root password ********
e) enable installation x)
f) fetch and unpack x)
g) enable sshd yes 
h) enable ntpd yes 
i) run ntpdate at boot yes
j) enable mdnsd no 
k) enable xdm no 
l) enable cgd yes 
m) enable lvm no
n) enable raidframe yes 
o) add a user vitor add to group wheel, user shell sh 
x) finished configuring 
Hit enter to continue 
release ISO  
reboot 
login as root 
}}}

{{{#!highlight sh
startx # it starts OK
setxkbmap pt 
cc --version 
pkg_info 
putty vitor@localhost -P 2222
pkg_info
# pkg_install-20160410nb1 Package management and administration tools for pkgsrc
# libarchive-3.2.1nb1 Library to read/create different archive formats
# pkgin-0.9.4nb2      Apt / yum like tool for managing pkgsrc binary packages
# https://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/pkgsrc/current/pkgsrc/README-all.html
pkg_add openjdk8-1.8.102
PKG_PATH="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/pkgsrc/packages/NetBSD/amd64/7.0.1/All/"
export PKG_PATH
PATH="/usr/pkg/sbin:$PATH"
export PATH 
pkg_add openjdk8-1.8.92nb2
cd /usr/pkg/java/openjdk8/bin
./java -version
pkg_add python27-2.7.11nb2

# Execute this command to extract and rehash all CA root certificates
# distributed by the Mozilla Project, so that they can be used by third
# party applications using OpenSSL. It also creates a single file
# certificate bundle in PEM format which can be used by applications using
# GnuTLS.
        # mozilla-rootcerts install
# To mark these certificates as trusted for users of gnupg2, do
# the following (assuming default PKG_SYSCONFBASE and a Bourne shell):
#         # mkdir -p /usr/pkg/etc/gnupg
#        # cd /usr/pkg/etc/gnupg
#         # for c in /etc/openssl/certs/*.pem; do
#        > openssl x509 -in $c -noout -fingerprint|sed 's|^.*=\(.*\)|\1 S|'
#        > done > trustlist.txt
python2.7 
openjdk8-java -version
ntpdate pt.pool.ntp.org 
}}}

https://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-cons.html#chap-cons-wscons-wskbd-keymaps
 * 8.1.2.1.1. Hacking wscons to add a keymap
http://julio.meroh.net/2004/07/playing-with-netbsd-keymaps.html

=== etc/profile ===
{{{#!highlight sh
# System-wide .profile file for sh(1).
export LANG="pt_PT.UTF-8"
export LC_CTYPE="pt_PT.UTF-8"
export LC_ALL=""
}}}

{{{#!highlight sh
#change shell to have utf-8 support, ksh has
chsh -s /bin/ksh vitor
chsh -s /bin/ksh root
}}}

== Custom service ==
Add to /etc/rc.conf
{{{#!highlight sh
beat=YES
}}}

=== /etc/rc.d/beat ===
{{{#!highlight sh
#!/bin/sh
#
# PROVIDE: beat

$_rc_subr_loaded . /etc/rc.subr

name="beat"
rcvar=$name
pidfile="/var/run/${name}.pid"
command="/usr/pkg/bin/python2.7"
command_args="/home/vitor/${name}.py &"

load_rc_config $name
run_rc_command "$1"
}}}

=== /home/vitor/beat.py ===
{{{#!highlight python
#!/usr/bin/python
import threading
import time
import os
import syslog
import datetime
import sys
import signal

def termHandler(signal,frame):
    print('Signal term caught')
    sys.exit(0)

if __name__=="__main__":
    f=open('/var/run/beat.pid','wa')
    f.write('%d'%(os.getpid()))
    f.close()
    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM,termHandler)

    while True:
        syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_INFO, "Beat %s"%(datetime.datetime.now()) )
        time.sleep(5)
}}}

{{{#!highlight sh
/etc/rc.d/beat start
tail -f /var/log/messages
/etc/rc.d/beat status
/etc/rc.d/beat stop
}}}

In /root/.profile uncomment the following to allow binary packages installations
 * export PKG_PATH=ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/packages/NetBSD/$(uname -m)/7.0/All

== Change prompt ==
=== ~/.profile ===
{{{#!highlight sh
PS1="$(date +'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S') $(whoami)@${HOST}:${PWD}\$ "
}}}

== cbeat service ==

=== cbeat.c ===
{{{#!highlight c
// cc cbeat.c -o cbeat

#include<stdio.h>
#include<syslog.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<signal.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

#define TRUE 1

void signalHandler(int signal){
  if(signal == SIGTERM){
    syslog(LOG_INFO , "Caught SIGTERM signal. Going to exit ...");
    exit(0);
  }
}

int main(){
  int pid = getpid();
  FILE* handle =  fopen("/var/run/cbeat.pid","wb");
  fprintf(handle, "%d" ,pid);
  fclose(handle);

  // callback to signalHandler function
  signal(SIGTERM , signalHandler  );

  while(TRUE){
    syslog(LOG_INFO,"cbeat test");
    sleep(5);
  }

  return 0;
}
}}}

=== /etc/rc.d/cbeat ===
{{{#!highlight sh
#!/bin/sh
#
# PROVIDE: cbeat

$_rc_subr_loaded . /etc/rc.subr

name="cbeat"
rcvar=$name
pidfile="/var/run/${name}.pid"
command="/root/cbeat"
command_args="&"

load_rc_config $name
run_rc_command "$1"
}}}

Add in /etc/rc.conf 
{{{#!highlight sh
cbeat=YES
}}}

== POSIX threads ==
POSIX threads in NetBSD with signal handling.
{{{#!highlight sh
kill -s TERM <PID>
kill -s USR1 <PID>
kill -s USR2 <PID>
}}}

{{{#!highlight c
/* 
cc pthread.c -o pthread -lpthread ./pthread 
./pthread
*/
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <stdlib.h> 
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>

typedef struct data {
  char msg[128];
  int count;
} threadData;


void signalHandler(int signal){
  if(signal == SIGTERM){
    printf("Caught SIGTERM signal. Going to exit ...\n");
    exit(0);
  }
 
  if(signal == SIGUSR1){
    printf("USR1 caught \n");
  }

  if(signal == SIGUSR2){
    printf("USR2 caught \n");
  } 
}

void *threadCallback( void *ptr ) {
  char *message  = (char *) ((threadData *) ptr)->msg;
  int count =  ((threadData *) ptr)->count;
 
  while(count<10) {
    printf("%s count %d thread id %u \n", message,count , pthread_self() );
    sleep(1);
    count++;
  }
}

int main() {
  struct sigaction signalAction;
  memset (&signalAction, '\0', sizeof(signalAction));
  signalAction.sa_handler = &signalHandler;

  pthread_t thread1Id;
  int thread1Ret;
  threadData thread1Data;
  strcpy(thread1Data.msg,"Message 1234");
  thread1Data.count=5;
   
  pthread_t thread2Id;
  int thread2Ret;
  threadData thread2Data;
  strcpy(thread2Data.msg,"Message 54321");
  thread2Data.count=3;
  
  printf("Main thread id %u \n" , pthread_self() );

  thread1Ret = pthread_create( &thread1Id, NULL, threadCallback, (void*) &thread1Data);
  thread2Ret = pthread_create( &thread2Id, NULL, threadCallback, (void*) &thread2Data);

  if(thread1Ret || thread2Ret) {
    fprintf(stderr,"Error creating threads ");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  // callback to signalHandler function
  sigaction(SIGTERM  , &signalAction, NULL);
  sigaction(SIGUSR1  , &signalAction, NULL);
  sigaction(SIGUSR2  , &signalAction, NULL);

  pthread_join( thread1Id, NULL);
  pthread_join( thread2Id, NULL);
  printf("Normal exit\n");
  exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
}}}

== Bash ==
{{{#!highlight sh
export PKG_PATH=ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/packages/NetBSD/$(uname -m)/7.0/All
pkg_add bash
}}}

=== ~/.profile ===
{{{#!highlight sh
#normal user
PS1="\D{%Y-%m-%d}T\A \u@\H:\w\r\n\$"
# for root
PS1="\D{%Y-%m-%d}T\A \u@\H:\w\r\n\043"

#normal user
PS1="\e[0;33m\]\D{%Y-%m-%d}T\A\[\e[m\] \e[0;32m\]\u@\H:\w\r\n\$\[\e[m\] "
#root
PS1="\e[0;33m\]\D{%Y-%m-%d}T\A\[\e[m\] \e[0;32m\]\u@\H:\w\r\n\043\[\e[m\] "
}}}

== C - read and write text ==
{{{#!highlight c
#include <stdio.h>
#define SIZE 5
#define FILENAME "test.txt"

void clear(char* buffer){
  for(int i=0;i<SIZE;i++) *(buffer)=0x0;
}

int main(void) {
  printf("Hello World\n");  
  FILE* f = fopen(FILENAME,"w");
  char buffer[SIZE];

  for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
     fwrite("aaaa\n",5,1,f);
  }

  fclose(f);

  FILE* r = fopen(FILENAME,"r");
  clear(buffer);
    
  /*fread(buffer,SIZE,1,r);
  printf("%s" , buffer);
  fclose(r);*/

  while( fread(buffer,SIZE,1,r)!= 0){
    printf("%s" , buffer);
    clear(buffer);
  }

  fclose(r);

  return 0;
}
}}}

== Vagrant box ==
 * https://app.vagrantup.com/NetBSD/
{{{#!highlight sh
cd /tmp
mkdir netbsd-test
cd netbsd-test/
vagrant init NetBSD/NetBSD-9.1
vagrant up
# Vagrant is not able to mount VirtualBox shared folders on BSD-based
# guests. BSD-based guests do not support the VirtualBox filesystem at
# this time.
vagrant ssh
sudo bash 
df -h
# Filesystem         Size       Used      Avail %Cap Mounted on
# /dev/wd0a          9.1G       1.5G       7.1G  17% / 
}}}