FreeBSD

FreeBSD is an advanced computer operating system used to power modern servers, desktops, and embedded platforms. http://www.freebsd.org

• wget http://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso

VirtualBox installation

• Start VirtualBox

• New
• Name FreeBSD_10_3
• Choose type BSD
• version FreeBSD 64 bit
• RAM 512 MB
• Create virtual disk dynamic VDI with Fixed size 8 GB
• Create
• Start VM
• Choose ISO FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso
• Start
• option 1 multi boot
• Install
• keymap portuguese iso-8859-1 accent keys
• continue with pt.iso.acc.kbd keymap
• hostname: freebsd
• Distribution select: all
• Partitioning: auto
• Partition: entire disk
• Partition scheme: GPT guid partition table
• Partition editor, finish, commit
• root password: ********
• Network config: em0
• configure ipv4: yes
• use dhcp: yes
• configure ipv6: no

• search: <empty>

• ipv4 dns1: 8.8.8.8
• ipv4 dns2: 8.8.4.4
• is cmos clock set to utc: yes
• region: europe
• country: portugal mainland
• services: sshd dumpdev
• add users? yes
• username: vitor
• several enters
• add other account: no
• exit, apply config and exit installer
• manual configuration? no
• reboot
• release ISO
• login as root

df -h 
traceroute www.sapo.pt
pkg install wget 
# install package management tool ? yes 
proceed with action: yes 
pkg info 
cc --version 
# https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/pkgng-intro.html
pkg search jdk 
pkg install openjdk8-8.92.14_3  #203 MB
# add lines to fstab ...
java -version 
pkg search python 
pkg install python27-2.7.12 # 67MB 
python2.7 --version 
pkg install mongodb-2.6.12 #203MB
pkg install rabbitmq-3.6.2 # 157MB
df -h # avail 3.2 GB
pkg install bash 
pkg install xorg
startx
pkg install windowmaker-0.95.7_2 # 262MB 
echo "exec /usr/local/bin/wmaker" > ~/.xinitrc
startx 

Get and burn ISO

• wget http://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso

• modprobe sg # for cdrecord
• cdrecord -scanbus #identify the device DVDRAM LG GP08NU6B
• cdrecord -dev=6,0,0 -pad -data FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso
• # eject the DVD after burning
• eject
• cd /
• mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom #check DVD

• cd /mnt/cdrom/packages/FreeBSD:10:amd64/All

• ls
• ls -lah | wc -l # 1070 packages python gnome3 kde, qt, mysql, firefox, subversion, xorg, perl, gsl
• cd /
• umount /mnt/cdrom

Amazon AMI

• https://aws.amazon.com/marketplace/pp/B00KSS55FY/

Info severity logging

• add to /etc/rc.conf

syslogd_enable="YES"

• touch /var/log/syslog
• Add to /etc/syslog.conf

*.info /var/log/syslog

Example program

   1 #!/usr/bin/python
   2 import threading
   3 import time
   4 import os
   5 import syslog
   6 import datetime
   7 import sys 
   8 import signal
   9 
  10 def termHandler(signal,frame):
  11     print('Signal term caught')
  12     sys.exit(0)
  13     
  14 if __name__=="__main__":
  15     f=open('/var/run/beat.pid','wa')
  16     f.write('%d'%(os.getpid()))
  17     f.close()
  18     signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM,termHandler)    
  19     
  20     while True:
  21         syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_INFO, "Beat %s"%(datetime.datetime.now()) )
  22         time.sleep(5)

Custom service

/home/vitor/beat.py

   1 #!/usr/bin/python
   2 import threading
   3 import time
   4 import os
   5 import syslog
   6 import datetime
   7 import sys 
   8 import signal
   9 
  10 def termHandler(signal,frame):
  11     print('Signal term caught')
  12     sys.exit(0)
  13     
  14 if __name__=="__main__":
  15     f=open('/var/run/beat.pid','wa')
  16     f.write('%d'%(os.getpid()))
  17     f.close()
  18     signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM,termHandler)    
  19     
  20     while True:
  21         syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_INFO, "Beat %s"%(datetime.datetime.now()) )
  22         time.sleep(5)

In /etc/rc.conf

beat_enable="YES"

/etc/rc.d/beat

   1 #!/bin/sh
   2 
   3 # PROVIDE: beat
   4 
   5 . /etc/rc.subr
   6 
   7 name=beat
   8 rcvar=beat_enable
   9 command="/usr/local/bin/python2"
  10 command_args="/home/vitor/${name}.py &"
  11 
  12 load_rc_config $name
  13 
  14 run_rc_command "$1"

Give user permission to use su -

• pw user mod userxyz -G wheel
• su -

Bash

• pkg install bash
• chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash vitor
• chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash root

~/.profile

#normal user
PS1="\e[0;33m\]\D{%Y-%m-%d}T\A\[\e[m\] \e[0;32m\]\u@\H:\w\r\n\$\[\e[m\] "

MongoDB

• mkdir -p /data/db

/etc/rc.conf

mongodb_enable="YES"

/etc/rc.d/mongodb

   1 #!/bin/sh
   2 
   3 # PROVIDE: mongodb
   4 
   5 . /etc/rc.subr
   6 
   7 name=mongodb
   8 rcvar=mongodb_enable
   9 pidfile="/var/run/mongodb.pid"
  10 command="/usr/local/bin/mongod"
  11 command_args="--pidfilepath=$pidfile --smallfiles --syslog &"
  12 
  13 load_rc_config $name
  14 
  15 run_rc_command "$1"

• check file /usr/local/etc/rc.d/mongod
• mongod_enable="YES" in /etc/rc.conf
• mkdir -p /var/db/mongodb
• add --smallfiles to mongod_flags in file /usr/local/etc/rc.d/mongod

RabbitMQ service

/etc/rc.conf

rabbitmqserver_enable=YES

/etc/rc.d/rabbitmq

   1 #!/bin/sh
   2 # PROVIDE: rabbitmq-server
   3 
   4 . /etc/rc.subr
   5 
   6 name=rabbitmqserver
   7 load_rc_config $name
   8 
   9 #rcvar=rabbitmqserver_enable
  10 command="/usr/local/sbin/rabbitmq-server"
  11 pidfile="/var/db/rabbitmq/mnesia/rabbit@freebsd.pid"
  12 
  13 if [ $rabbitmqserver_enable = "YES" ];then
  14   case "$1" in
  15     start)
  16       echo "Starting ${name} "
  17       $command &
  18       ;;
  19     status)
  20       if [ -f $pidfile ];then
  21         PID=$(cat $pidfile)
  22         echo "${name} running with PID $PID"
  23       else
  24         echo "${name} not running"
  25       fi
  26       ;;
  27     stop)
  28       if [ -f $pidfile ];then
  29         PID=$(cat $pidfile)
  30         echo "Killing ${name} with PID $PID"
  31         /usr/local/sbin/rabbitmqctl stop
  32         rm $pidfile
  33       else
  34         echo "${name} not running"
  35       fi
  36       ;;
  37     *)
  38       echo "Usage: /etc/rc.d/rabbitmq {start|status|stop}"
  39       exit 1
  40     ;;
  41   esac
  42 else
  43   echo "${name} service is not enabled in /etc/rc.conf"
  44 fi
  45 
  46 exit 0

• check file /usr/local/etc/rc.d/rabbitmq
• rabbitmq_enable="YES" in /etc/rc.conf
• /usr/local/sbin/rabbitmq-plugins list
• /usr/local/sbin/rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management #port 15672
• rabbitmqctl add_user rmq rmq
• rabbitmqctl set_user_tags rmq administrator
• rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / rmq ".*" ".*" ".*"
• python -m ensurepip
• pip install pika

Vagrant box

• https://app.vagrantup.com/freebsd/boxes/FreeBSD-13.1-STABLE

   1 cd /tmp
   2 mkdir freebsd-test
   3 cd freebsd-test
   4 vagrant init freebsd/FreeBSD-13.1-STABLE
   5 vagrant up
   6 vagrant ssh
   7 vagrant suspend