Debian

Debian is a free operating system (OS) for your computer. An operating system is the set of basic programs and utilities that make your computer run.

All packages list

http://packages.debian.org/stable/allpackages

Sample service blah

File in /etc/init.d/blah with chmod 755:

   1 #! /bin/sh
   2 # /etc/init.d/blah
   3 #
   4 
   5 # Some things that run always
   6 touch /var/lock/blah
   7 
   8 # Carry out specific functions when asked to by the system
   9 case "$1" in
  10   start)
  11     echo "Starting script blah "
  12     echo "Could do more here"
  13     ;;
  14   stop)
  15     echo "Stopping script blah"
  16     echo "Could do more here"
  17     ;;
  18   *)
  19     echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/blah {start|stop}"
  20     exit 1
  21     ;;
  22 esac
  23 
  24 exit 0

Add service

update-rc.d blah defaults
update-rc.d blah defaults 20 80
update-rc.d blah start 20 2 3 4 . start 30 5 . stop 80 0 1 6 .

Remove service

update-rc.d -f blah remove

Check services status

service --status-all
service blah status

Install Debian Wheezy 32 bit

Base Install DW (Debian Wheezy)

In Virtualbox

new,
type linux
version debian
name DW
memory size 512 MB,
create virtual hard drive
vdi type
dynamically allocated
8 GB
power on
choose debian-7.3.0-i386-DVD-1.iso
install
language english
country, other, europe, portugal
locale united states
keyboard portuguese
hostname dw
domain name example.org
root password ********
Real name Vitor
username for account vitor
password for vitor ********
timezone Lisbon
Partitioning method, guided, use entire disk and setup LVM
use SCSI3 sda
Separate /home /usr /var and tmp partitions
Write the changes to disk and configure LVM yes
Finish partitioning and write changes to disk
write the changes to disk? yes
scan another dvd or cd? no
use a network mirror? no
participate in the package usage survey? no
software to install: SSH server, standard system utilities, continue
install grub bootloader to the master boot record? yes
installation complete, continue
reboot
login with root user
ifconfig
ping www.sapo.pt
apt-get update
python -V # version 2.7.3
dpkg -l > /tmp/initialPackages.txt

Installation Debian 7.5.0 amd64

Fetch and burn the ISO

wget http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/7.5.0/amd64/iso-dvd/debian-7.5.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso
modprobe sg # fpr cdrecord
cdrecord -scanbus #identify the device
cdrecord -dev=1,0,0 -pad -data debian-7.5.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso
# eject the DVD after burning
cd /
mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom #check DVD
cd /mnt/cdrom
ls
cd /
umount /mnt/cdrom

Install

Boot the machine
Insert DVD
select install
language: english
country, other, Europe, Portugal
default locale, United States
keymap: portuguese
load missing firmware from removable media? no
hostname for system: debianWheezy
domain name: bitarus.allowed.org
root pass: ........
full name new user: vitor
username: vitor
pass: ........
location: Lisbon
Partition disks, use entire disk and use LVM
SCSI1
separate /home, /usr , /var, /tmp
write changes to disk and configure LVM: yes
Finish partitioning and write changes to disk
Write changes to disk? yes
install base system
kernel: linux-image-amd64
Drivers to include in initrd: generic
scan another CD/DVD? no
use network mirror: yes
Debian archive mirror country: Portugal
ftp.pt.debian.org
HTTP proxy: <blank>
Participate in the package usage survey: No
select standard utilities
install GRUB to the MBR? yes
reboot

Install extra packages

#login as root
df -h # check disk usage
ifconfig # check network devices
ping www.sapo.pt
vi /etc/apt/sources.list # comment the line with deb cdrom
apt-get install lynx
apt-get install links
apt-get install xorg
apt-get install wmaker
startx #starts X if all goes well
xterm #open a console
apt-get install iceweasel
iceweasel & #run firefox with branding
apt-get install kdm
vi /etc/inittab
#change default runlevel to 5
#id:5:initdefault
#add line to runlevel 5
#x:5:respawn:/usr/bin/X
reboot # after the reboot should appear the KDM login window
#login
xterm
apt-get install vim
apt-get install icedove
apt-get install wmclockmon
On WindowMaker Clip click with right mouse button and select Attract Icons
On each attracted icon select Keep Icon
apt-get install pidgin
apt-get install emacs
apt-get install netbeans
apt-get install mongodb
apt-get install monodevelop
apt-get install mono-complete
apt-get install samba
apt-get install cifs-utils

Eclipse

apt-get install eclipse #eclipse 3.8
eclipse &
create workspace in ~/workspace

Two monitors with digital output

xrandr #show the current outputs and definitions for X
vi /etc/kde4/kdm/Xsetup
xrandr --output DP-2 --right-of DP-1 # two monitors
setxkbmap pt # portuguese keyboard

Enable multiarch and install Skype

dpkg --add-architecture i386
apt-get update
wget -O skype-install.deb http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux.deb
dpkg -i skype-install.deb
apt-get -f install
dkpg -i skype-install.deb

Resize /home folder

df -h #check sizes
umount /home
e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/debianWheezy-home
resizefs /dev/mapper/debianWheezy-home 200G
lvreduce -L 200G /dev/mapper/debianWheezy-home
mount /dev/mapper/debianWheezy-home
vgdisplay

Debian 8.6.0

wget http://gemmei.acc.umu.se/debian-cd/8.6.0/amd64/iso-dvd/debian-8.6.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso

VMDebian
Linux
Debian 64 bit
4096MB
VDI type
dynamic allocation
16 GB
create
debian-8.6.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso
install
english
location other europe Portugal
default local en_us.UTF8
keyboard portuguese
hostname debian
domain name <empty>
root pass 
new user vitor
clock Lisbon
Partition, guided user entire disk LVM
scsi(0,0,0) sda
all in one partition
write
change yes
Finish partitioning
scan other cd dvd no
use net mirrors yes portugal ftp.pt.debian.org
package survey no
software to install desktop kde lxde ssh web server print server standard utils displaymanager kdm 
install grub in MBR yes /dev/sda
Finish installation continue

VBoxManage setextradata "VMDebian" "CustomVideoMode1" "1366x768x32"
Use 2 cpu cores in the VM
run guest additions 

/etc/apt/sources.list
# sid 
deb http://ftp.pt.debian.org/debian/ sid  main contrib
deb-src http://ftp.pt.debian.org/debian/ sid main contrib
apt-get update

Install debian 10 - buster on external HDD with USB adapter

dd if=debian-live-10.1.0-amd64-standard.iso of=/dev/sda bs=512k # write ISO file to USB pen drive (8GB)
boot the pen with UEFI support (Esc and F9 to access Boot menu on HP)
after boot change the layout to pt in the file /etc/default/keyboard and then run setupcon
Boot the pen again and choose Debian installer (console)
Select portuguese language and configure the locale accordingly
Use guided partinioning, whole disk, scsi5 , sdc with 500 GB
3 partitions were created, ESP, root / with ext4 and a swap partition
Don't use network mirrors
Define root password and add a user
Go through all the steps and reboot
Use the pen again to configure extra EFI definitions inside the ESP partition
Mount the ESP partition and inside the EFI folder create the BOOT folder
copy all files inside the debian folder to the BOOT folder
Go to the BOOT folder and copy the shimx64.efi to BOOTx64.efi
Boot using the HDD disk
If an error appears saying "/dev/sdX doesn't exist" with means grub didn't write the right HDD device name. It's required to acces grub options before boot and change the device name
After a proper boot is made into the HDD we need to run the command update-grub to update the grub with the right device name
To use WiFI we need the firmware-iwlwifi_20190114-2_all.deb to be installed, download it
Install using dpkg -i firmware-iwlwifi_20190114-2_all.deb
The WiFI device detected is wlp2s0
ip a; iwconfig; ip link set wlp2s0 up; iwlist scan
An conf file in /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf is required

ap_scan=1
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
network={
  ssid="?????????"
  scan_ssid=1
  proto=RSN WPA
  key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
  group=CCMP TKIP
  pairwise=CCMP TKIP
  psk="???????"
}

Run command wpa_supplicant -B -c/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf -i wlp2s0
Update the file /etc/apt/sources.list and comment cdrom entry

deb http://ftp.pt.debian.org/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.pt.debian.org/debian/ buster main contrib non-free

apt update
apt install xorg wmaker xterm lightdm firefox-esr alsa-tools alsa-tools-gui alsa-utils alsa-oss alasamixergui libalsaplayer0 htop wmclockmon vim openjdk-11-jdk docker.io
/sbin/usermod -a <user> -G docker
Test X using startx command
service lightdm start
Inside /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf in [Seat:*] add display-setup-script=setxkbmap pt
To control the sound use the alsamixer command. The m key mutes and unmutes the master sound control
end the current session and start a new one to be able to use docker (docker ps)

cd /boot/efi/EFI/
mv BOOT BOOT_bak
cp -R debian BOOT
cd BOOT
mv shimx64.efi bootx64.efi

Debian buster in VirtualBox VM

get https://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current-live/amd64/iso-hybrid/debian-live-10.1.0-amd64-standard.iso
run virtualbox 
new vm
name Debian buster type linux, version debian 64 bit
ram 4096 GB
create virtual vdi 16GB dynamically allocated
settings storage, ide, choose virtual optical drive, attach iso debian-live-10.1.0-amd64-standard.iso to VM
start VM
choose debian installer 
language: english
country other, europe, portugal, default locale en_us
keyboard portuguese
hostname debian
domain name ""
root pass: 
new user: vitor
username: vitor
pwd: 
configure clock: Lisbon
partition disks: guided - use entire disk and set up LVM
use scsi3, sda
all files in one partition
write changes and configure lvm: yes
volume group to use for guided partition: 16.9 GB
write changes to disk: yes
use network mirror: yes, portugal, deb.debian.org
proxy info: blank
install grub2 in MBR: yes
install in /dev/sda
install complete, continue
reboot
choose debian gnu/linux
login with root:toor
apt update
apt install xorg wmaker xterm lightdm firefox-esr htop wmclockmon vim  docker.io  
/sbin/usermod -a vitor -G docker
service lightdm start
Inside /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf in [Seat:*] 
add display-setup-script=setxkbmap pt 
add greeter-setup-script=setxkbmap pt 
add session-setup-script=setxkbmap pt

[LightDM] 
add display-setup-script=setxkbmap pt 
add greeter-setup-script=setxkbmap pt 
add session-setup-script=setxkbmap pt

In ~/.xsessionrc add
/usr/bin/setxkbmap pt &
/usr/bin/xterm &